immunology/hematopoiesis

Question 1

cytokines

Answer 1

small proteins released by cells that specifically affect cell-to-cell communication; these include colony-stimulating factors, interleukins, and interferons

Question 2

erythropoietin

Answer 2

hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates bone marrow production of red blood cells

Question 3

colony stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 3

a cluster pattern derived when hemopoietic stem cells are cultured

Question 4

interferons

Answer 4

interfere with the ability of viruses in infected cells to replicate and spread to uninfected cells

Question 5

interleukin

Answer 5

may act only in combination with another factor, may be suppressive rather than stimulatory, or may involve a specific function

Question 6

immunostimulants

Answer 6

drugs that stimulate immune function to fight infection and disease

Question 7

autoimmune disorders

Answer 7

conditions associated with an abnormal immune response to self antigens on body tissue, resulting in ongoing inflammation and damage to body tissues

Question 8

cytotoxic

Answer 8

causing cell death

Question 9

graft versus host disease (GVHD)

Answer 9

complication of bone marrow or stem cell transplantation where activated T cells in donor bone marrow attack host tissues producing inflammatory changes in the skin, liver, and GI tract; can also occur infrequently with a blood transfusion

Question 10

monoclonal antibody

Answer 10

immunoglobin therapeutically replicated in laboratory cells to react with a specific cell antigen altering the immune response to that antigen

Question 11

polyclonal antibody

Answer 11

mixtures of antibodies produced by several clones of B lmphocytes

Question 12

myelosuppression

Answer 12

bone marrow depression

Question 13

neutropenia

Answer 13

low neutrophil count

Question 14

cell cycle

Answer 14

series of intracellular events or occurring from one cell division to the next

Question 15

mucositis

Answer 15

inflammation of mucous membranes

Question 16

thrombocytopenia

Answer 16

low platelet count

Question 17

immunosuppressants

Answer 17

drugs that lower the body’s normal immune response

Question 18

stomatitis

Answer 18

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth

Question 19

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Answer 19

a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages)

Question 20

glucocorticoid

Answer 20

any of a group of corticosteroids that are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and have anti-inflammatory activity.

Question 21

leukopenia

Answer 21

a reduction in the number of white cells in the blood, typical of various diseases.

Question 22

cyctitis

Answer 22

inflammation of the urinary bladder. It is often caused by infection and is usually accompanied by frequent, painful urination.