Immunology: overview

Question 1

What is the innate immune system comprised of?

Answer 1

epithelial barriers, phagocytic leukocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), dendritic cells, natural killer cells, plasma proteins such as complement

Question 2

What is the Adaptive immune system comprised of?

Answer 2

T cells and B cells

Question 3

Which part of the immune system has memory?

Answer 3

Adaptive

Question 4

What kinds of signals does the innate immune system recognize?

Answer 4

PAMPs

Question 5

What kind of signals does the adaptive immune system recognize?

Answer 5

epitopes on antigen

Question 6

How does the innate immune system get activated?

Answer 6

Pattern Recognition Receptors recognize PAMP on bacteria, virus, fungal or parasite pathogens
*response to pathogen will be the SAME every time!

Question 7

How does the Adaptive Immune System act?

Answer 7

is activated by invading antigen, Antibody or T cell receptor recognize epitope, cascade of events, prepare for future defense=immune memory via T and B cells

Question 8

what is the goal of CD4 T cells?

Answer 8

recruit and activate, secrete cytokines

Question 9

what is the goal of CD8 T cells?

Answer 9

kill

Question 10

what is the factor required to proliferate T cells?

Answer 10

IL-2

Question 11

what cytokine do Th1 cells produce?

Answer 11

IFN-y

Question 12

what cytokines induce Th1 cells?

Answer 12

IFN-y and IL-12

Question 13

what are Th1 cells responsible for?

Answer 13

macrophage activation, stimulation of IgG antibody

Question 14

what is the TH1 cell role in disease?

Answer 14

immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease

Question 15

what do Th1 cells defend against?

Answer 15

intracellular microbes

Question 16

What cytokines do Th2 cells produce?

Answer 16

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Question 17

what cytokine produces Th2 cells?

Answer 17

IL-4

Question 18

what immunologic reactions are triggered by Th2 cells?

Answer 18

stimulation of IgE, activate mast cells and eosinophils

Question 19

what do TH2 cells defend against?

Answer 19

helminthic parasites

Question 20

what role do Th2 cells have in disease?

Answer 20

allergies

Question 21

what cytokines do Th17 cells produce?

Answer 21

Il-17, IL-22, chemokines

Question 22

what cytokines induce Th17 cells?

Answer 22

TGF-B, IL-6, IL-1, IL-23

Question 23

what immunolgic reactions are triggered by Th-17 cells?

Answer 23

recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes

Question 24

what do Th17 cells defend against?

Answer 24

extracellular bacteria, fungi

Question 25

what kind of role do Th17 cells play in clinical disease?

Answer 25

chronic inflammation

Question 26

what is the goal of plasma cells?

Answer 26

secrete soluble antibodies

Question 27

what is IgM responsible for?

Answer 27

activating classical complement pathway

Question 28

what is IgG responsible for?

Answer 28

neutralizing microbes and toxins, opsonize antigens, activate classical complement pathway, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Question 29

what is IgA responsible for?

Answer 29

mucosal transport

Question 30

what is IgE responsible for?

Answer 30

allergy; mast cell degranulation

Question 31

what do live attenuated vaccines induce?

Answer 31

T cells; strong, life long immunity, micro-organism is modified to decrease pathogenicity, limited growth after injection

Question 32

what do inactivated vaccines induce?

Answer 32

B cells; pathogen is inactivated with heat or chemicals but retains an immunologic epitope on surface, weaker immunity that requires booster