Immunology Part 3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Where in the body can pathogens get inside?
Mouth, respiratory tract, eyes, genitals, broken skin
Why is the temperature of 37°C used for experiments?
It is body temperature
What are some examples of micro-organisms and where are they found?
Bacteria and fungi, which are found everywhere
What factors have contributed to the decline of deaths from micro-organism infection?
Antibiotics, physical distancing, disinfectant, education
Why does refrigeration and freezing reduce the spoiling of food?
It lowers the temperature which slows down bacterial growth and reproduction
What is symbiosis?
When two organisms of different species live together and function in close proximity
What are the 3 forms of symbiosis?
Commensalism, mutualism, parasitism
What are the two organisms involved in symbiosis known as?
The larger organism is the host and the smaller organism is the symbiont
What is mutualism?
An association between organisms of two different species in which both members benefit
What is commensalism?
An association between organisms of two different species in which one derives benefit whilst the other is unaffected
What is parasitism?
An association between organisms of two different species in which one derives benefit at the expense of the other
What does bacteria in the large intestine do?
Breaks down complex sugars which can’t be entirely absorbed by your body
What does bacteria in your large intestine create?
Vitamin K and Vitamin B
What are Vitamin B and K important for?
Vitamin K is important for blood clotting and Vitamin B is important for fat metabolism
What is the relationship between this friendly bacteria and the human host known as?
Mutualism
What do antibiotics do to bacteria?
Kill the bacteria that causes infection, but also kill the friendly bacteria in your body
What is the relationship between parasites and pathogens?
All parasites are pathogens, but not all pathogens are parasites
Why are all parasites pathogens?
They gain benefit at your expense and cause you disease
What are antiseptics?
Chemical agents that slow or stop the growth of micro-organisms on external surfaces of the body and help prevent infection
What do antiseptics kill and not kill?
They kill live bacteria but not spores
What are disinfectants?
A strong chemical which destroys vegetative forms of harmful micro-organisms, such as bacteria or fungi
What do disinfectants kill?
Live bacteria and spores
What are antibiotics?
Antibacterial chemicals released from fungi or man-made, such as penicillin
What do antibiotics do?
Kill bacteria or keep it from reproducing
