immunology uworld Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
where is compliment made
A
in the liver
2
Q
where is VDJ recombination
A
in the bone marrow
3
Q
Howell jolly bodies
A
clusters of DNA remnants in splenic patients
4
Q
target cells
A
increases surface area to volume ratio
-redundant erythrocyte folding on itself
-thalassemia
-iron deficiency
- splenectomy
5
Q
erythrocyte production happens where
A
Young Liver Synthesizes Bone
- yolk sac (3 w)
-liver ( 6 w)
-spleen (10 w)
- bone marrow (18w)
6
Q
megakaryocytes
A
synthesize platelets
7
Q
macrophage activation
A
interferon gamma
8
Q
petechiae
A
low platelets
-thrombocytopenia
-DIC, itp
9
Q
kupferr cells
A
macrophage of liver
10
Q
langerhans cells
A
macrophage of skin
- tennis racket shaped
11
Q
multiple myeloma
A
plasma cell dyscrasia
- amyloid light chain
- bone marrow with >10% plasma cells
12
Q
platelet plug formation
A
- endothelial cell damage, transient vasoconstriction
- vwf binds exposed collagen
- platelets bind vwf with Gp1b and platelets do conformational change to release ADP, Ca2+, TXA2, helps platelets adhere to endothelium
- ADP binds to p2y12 via GbIIbIIIa on platelet surface
-aggregation of fibrinogen binds GpIIbIIIa
13
Q
blanching in burns
A
mast cells release histamine
14
Q
most abundant AA in collagen
A
glycine
15
Q
iron is absorbed
A
duodenum and proximal jejunum
16
Q
macrophage marker
A
CD14
17
Q
hyper acute rejection
A
- minutes to hours
- T cell recognition of graft HLA components
- graft immediately dies, gross mottling and cyanosis
18
Q
acute transplant rejection
A
- onset <6 months
- exposure to donor antigen activates cell mediated immunity
- dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates
19
Q
epo produced in
A
peritubular interstitial cells
20
Q
west nile virus
A
-acute confusion, fever, asymmetric lower extremity paralysis
-transmitted from bird to mosquito
21
Q
microbes that ferment lactose
A
grow pink on macconkey agar
-klebsiella
-enterobacter
-serratia
-e coli
22
Q
klebsiella most commonly seen in
A
alcoholics, abscess, aspirations
23
Q
anti mitochondrial antibodies
A
primary biliary cholangitis
24
Q
anti smooth mm antibodies
A
autoimmune hepatitis
middle aged women
25
poisonous mushrooms inhibit
RNA pol II - mRNA synthesis, death cap amantia
26
tumor lysis syndrome
precipitates in collecting ducts due to low pH
27
endomysial mononuclear infiltrate
anti tRNA synthetase antibodies (anti jo),
polymyositis
can't reach over head
muscle biopsy confirms
28
rash in multiple stages of healing
varicella zoster
29
anaphylactic reactions
multisystem edema
widespread activation of mast cells and basophil degranulation
increased histamine and tryptase release
30
Fas ligand
Activation induced t lymphocyte death
31
Porphyria cutane tarda
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency
Skin erosions and hyperpigmentation due to photosensitivity
32
Acute intermittent porphyria
PBG deaminase deficiency
Abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric manifestation
33
Robertsonian translocation
14:21, Down syndrome
Up slanted palpebral fissures
Protruding tongue
Epicanthal folds
Meoitic non disjunction
34
Low set ears, webbed neck, broad spaced nipples, cardiac abnormalities- bicuspid aortic valve, streak ovaries, amenorrhea
Turner syndrome due to absence of paternally inherited chromosome
35
Cleft palates, cardiac defects-tetralogy of fallot , micrognanthia
DiGeorge syndrome
36
What must be known to do PCR
The nucleotide sequence (dna sequence) of the regions flanking the target exon
37
anti histone antibodies
drug induced lupus
38
anti centromere antibodies
limited scleroderma
39
limited scleroderma
CREST
- calcinosis
- raynauds
- esophageal dysmotility
- sclerodactyly
- telangiectasias
anti centromere antibody
40
anti Rho and La
Sjogrens syndrome
41
green bruise
heme oxygenase
42
classic galactosemia
deficiency of galactose-1-uridyl transferase
- vomiting, lethargy, jaundice, e coli sepsis
- switch to soy milk instead of breastmilk
43
montelukast
antagonism of leukotriene receptor
44
promoter region
function to initiate translation
45
promoter region
function to initiate transcription
46
hyperacute rejection
minutes to hours
- host T cells against HLA
47
chronic rejection
interstitial fibrosis with scant inflammatory
months to years
48
aspergilloma
fungus ball within a preexisting cavity
- colonizing
49
leukocidin
staph aureus secretes leukocidin
50
brain access with otitis media enters through
mastoid air cells
51
serum sickness type __ hypersensitivity reaction
3
52
serum sickeness occurs due to exposure with
monoclonal antibodies (rituximab), vaccines (rabies vaccine), nonhuman protein antitoxins (antivenom)
53
Responsible for green color of pus in lung
Myeloperoxidase (remember the phagocytic burst)
54
Coxiella Burnetti
Causes Q fever, myalgias, fatigue, retroorbital eye pain, animal feces
55
IL 5
Eosinophils activation
56
scotch tape test
enterobius vermicularis
57
active infection of strongyloides in stool
rhabditiform larvae
58
alanine uses _____ to become glutamate
a - ketoglutarate then glutamate then donates its N groups to make urea to be excreted by kidneys
alanine transfers nitrogen to the liver for disposal
59
Candida antigen skin test
Type 4 hypersensitivity, cd4 and macrophages
60
BCL 2 drug
increases activation of caspases, poke holes in mitochondrial membrane and release cytochrome c into the environment causing activation of caspases
61
insulin brings potassium
inside cells, during diabetes
62
cell surface marker for granulomas
CD14
63
diffuse scleroderma antibody
anti scl 70
64
TH1 cells
activate macrophages and CD8 T cells
65
TH2 cells
activate B cells and promote class switching
66
IL-12 deficiency
can't activate TH0 to TH1 this can't clear bacteria... treat with interferon gamma
67
cytokines that trigger atopic dermatitis
IL4, IL13 (stimulation of IgE)
68
microscopy for vibrio cholera
some mucus with no erythrocytes or lymphocytes
69
monoclonal antibody against HER 2
trastuzumab - tyrosine kinase receptor
70
shortest half life of the coagulation factors
factor 7
71
Stimulates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation
Leukotriene b4
72
rash with mucosal involvement
Steven johnson
73
fluticasone
apoptosis of tissue eosinophils
74
binding and removal of circulating IgE
omalizumab
75
Mumps can cause
Orchitis
76
graft vs host disease
graft T cell sensitization against host MHC antigens. Skin, liver and GI tract most affected
77
MHC I is found in
most nucleated cells in the body
78
Sirolimus
Inhibits mTOR protein kinase. Normal a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation.
79
what Hb does sickle cell trait have
can't make HbA at all, so HbS and HbF (if on hydroxyurea)
80
platelets in von wilibrand disease
normal, they just have impaired platelet aggregation
81
ITP
thrombocytopenia, normal PT and PTT - peripheral destruction of platelets
- often follows a viral illness
82
glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
rate limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, can't convert to 6-phosphogluconate
83
dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
pellagra
- niacin deficiency
- synthesized by tryptophan
84
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- major cause of renal insufficiency in kids
- renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
85
meat that has E coli
undercooked beef
86
telomerase
ribonucleoprotein that adds TTAGGG sequence
87
chlamydia
no organisms, intracytoplasmic
88
cancer commonly associated with EBV
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
89
cytokines in atopic dermatitis
IL4 and IL 13
90
cytokines in psoriasis
IL 17 and IL 23
91
parasite in red blood cells
plasmodium and babesia
92
aedes mosquito
vector for dengue and chikungunya virus
93
dihydrohodamnine test
tests for phagocytosis
94
cystic fibrosis is associated with which bacteria
burkholderia,pseudomonas
95
negative nikolsky sign
bullous pemphigoid
- no mucosal involvement
96
bacteria if CD4 <200 in HIV
PJP
97
GGT suggests
liver pathology
98
HbF contains
gamma globin instead of beta globin the first few months of life
