Immunopathology

Question 1

What characterizes anaphylaxis?

Answer 1

Shock, edema, and respiratory compromise

Question 2

What antibody is associated with Rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 2

Anti-cyclic cirtullinated peptide (anti-CCP)

Question 3

What antibody is associated with CREST syndrome (limited systemic sclerosis)?

Answer 3

Anti-centromere

Question 4

What antibody is associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis?

Answer 4

Anti-Jo-1 (a type of anti-synthetase)

Question 5

What antibody is associated with diffuse systemic sclerosis?

Answer 5

Anti-Scl70 (= anti-DNA topoisomerase)

Question 6

What antibody is associated with systemic sclerosis?

Answer 6

Anti-RNA polymerase (anti-U3 RNP)

Question 7

What antibody is associated with mixed connective tissue disease?

Answer 7

Anti-U1-RNP

Question 8

What antibodies are associated with Lupus?

Answer 8

Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm), anti-double-stranded-DNA (Anti-dsDNA), anti-nuclear (ANA)

Question 9

What diseases is Anti-SSA (= anti-Ro) associated with?

Answer 9

Sjogren syndrome, neonatal lupus, subcutaneous lupus

Question 10

What diseases is Anti-SSB (= anti-La) associated with?

Answer 10

Sjogren syndrome, neonatal lupus, subcutaneous lupus

Question 11

What diseases is anti-myeloperoxidase (= perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (P-ANCA)) associated with?

Answer 11

Microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss)

Question 12

What antibody is associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)?

Answer 12

Anti-proteinase-3 (= diffuse cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (C-ANCA))

Question 13

T or F: Many people with no apparent rheumatological disease have antibodies associated with rheumatological disease.

Answer 13

T

Question 14

What immunosuppressive drugs are also used for treating cancer?

Answer 14

Methotrexate and cyclophosphamide

Question 15

What drugs are given to transplant patients to prevent or treat transplant rejection? What drugs are in this class?

Answer 15

Calcineurin inhibitors: Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus

Question 16

What is mycophenolate motefil?

Answer 16

A reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase that inhibits DNA replication, which inhibits lymphocyte proliferation

Question 17

What is mycophenolate used for?

Answer 17

Treating autoimmune diseases (especially lupus) and preventing/treating transplant rejection

Question 18

What is azathioprine?

Answer 18

A purine analog that masses up DNA replication and is used in treating lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and many other autoimmune diseases

Question 19

What is hydroxychloroquine?

Answer 19

An antimalarial antibiotic that has anti-inflammatory activity and is used in treating lupus and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 20

Which drugs block TNF-alphA?

Answer 20

Infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab

Question 21

What is belimumab?

Answer 21

An antibody to B-cell activating factor

Question 22

What is rituximab?

Answer 22

An antibody to CD20 on B lymphocytes

Question 23

What is tocilizumab?

Answer 23

An antibody that blocks IL-6 receptors

Question 24

What is alemtuzumab?

Answer 24

An antibody to CD52 (which is expressed at high levels by B and T cells and at lower levels on monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils)
-It’s a powerful immunosuppressant that decreases the incidence of transplant rejection and increases the risk of opportunistic infection

Question 25

Lupus is more common in ________.

Answer 25

Most common is a black woman of childbearing age (15-45)

Question 26

What's the pathogenesis of lupus?

Answer 26

1. Failure of self-toleranve 2. ANA, anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA 3. Genetic factors 4. Environmental factors 5. Immunologic factors (immune complexes, etc)