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immunopathology intro Flashcards

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1
Q

immunity is a specific defense mechanism
T or F

A

T
resistance is non specific

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2
Q

what are 3 disorder of the immune system
hint; HIA

A

Hypersensitivity
Immunodeficiency
Autoimmune disorder

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3
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction occurs on first contact with an antigen

A

F
the body is already sensitized to the antigen and produces hypersensitivity reaction on second and prior contact with it

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4
Q

autologous substrates are destroyed in autoimmune reactions
T or F

A

T
autologous substrate are self antigens

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5
Q

B-cell defects leaves the body with reduced resistance to what microorganism

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

T-cell defects leaves the body with reduced resistance to what microorganism

A

virus
fungi

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7
Q

in gammopathy there is an abnormal increase in plasma cell clones synthesis

A

T
there is neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells

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8
Q

innate immune response improve with repeated exposure to infection
T or F

A

F

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9
Q

innate immunity is present after infection
T or F

A

F
it is present before infection not mounted in response to infections

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10
Q

molecules present on microbes which are necessary for their survival which is recognized by INNATE immune cells to attack microbes are called

A

PAMP or MAMP
pathogen associated molecular patterns
or microbe associated molecular patterns

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11
Q

PAMPS can be found on mammalian cells
T or F

A

F

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12
Q

LPS
peptidoglycan
lipotechoic acid
mannose
flagella
glucans
N-formyl methionine
are all examples of PAMPS
T or F

A

T

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13
Q

complement pathways
pattern recognition receptors
phagocytosis
inflammation
are all examples of innate immunity
T or F

A

T
the above list is not exhaustive

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14
Q

both natural killer cells and endothelial cells are part of innate immunity
T or F

A

T

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15
Q

Cells of innate immunity have a pattern recognition receptors
T or F

A

T

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16
Q

pattern recognition receptors recognize what type of molecules

A

PAMPS

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17
Q

the best defined pattern recognition receptor is

A

toll like receptor

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18
Q

in innate immunity what kind of complement pathways is activated

A

alternate and lectin pathway

remember classical pathway begins with antigen antibody reaction and Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system

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19
Q

natural killer cells are part of both adaptive and innate immune system
T or F

A

T

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20
Q

T lymphocytes account for how many percent of circulating lymphocytes

A

60-70%

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21
Q

list 3 places T cells can be found

A

blood
paracortical areas of lymph nodes
periarteriolar sheets of spleen(PALS)

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22
Q

a T cell receptor is a disulfide linked heterodimer of two polypeptide chain which can be either _____ or ___

A

alpha-beta(95% of T cells use this)
or gamma-delta(5%)

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23
Q

ab(alpha-beta T cells) do not require APC’s before they can bind to antigen
T or F

A

F
this is a characteristics of Ýđ
ab require MHC molecule on APC’S to bind antigens

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24
Q

what kind of T receptors are involved in immune surveillance at epithelial surface

A

Y-d TCR
TCR = t cell receptor

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25
CD4 binds to __a__ MHC molecule CD8 binds to __b__ MHC molecule
a. class 2 mhc b class 1 mhc
26
CD4 and CD8 are subsets of what kind of T cells
a-b T cell receptors T cells
27
T cells can rearrange their TCR genes T or F
T somatic cells can't rearrange theirs
28
all somatic cells have TCR genes from the germ line T or F
T
29
each T cell has a unique TCR AND unique DNA arrangement T or F
T
30
CD4 cells are activated by
APC'S and il-1
31
Th1 cells secrete what 2 interleukins
il-2 and IFN-y
32
Th2 cells secrete 3 interleukins which are
il 4 Il 5 il 13 IL4 & IL 13 help in the synthesis of IgE and IL 5 helps in activation of eosinophils
33
Th1 cell is involved in classical pathway while Th2 cell is involved in alternative pathway T or F
T
34
Th1 cells are involved in delay hypersensitivity T or F
T
35
Th2 helps in IgE secretion T or F
T Th2 secretes IL-4 which is involved in instruction of plasma cells to switch to IgE formation
36
cytotoxic T cells are activated by two things which are
APC'S and contact with virus
37
suppresor T cell are activated by
contact with antigen il-2 they terminate the actions of cytotoxic T cells
38
what part of lymph nodes are T cells and B cells found
B cells - superficial cortex T cells - paracortical areas
39
antibody secreting cells are called
Plasma cells they are the final product of B cell activation
40
list the source of diversity in these cells T cells - B cells -
TCR genes immunoglobulin genes
41
what percentage of circulating lymphocytes do these cells occupy a. T lymphocytes b. B lymphocytes c. NK cells
a. 60-70% b. 10-20% c.10-15%
42
natural killer cells are CD3 positive T or F
F they are CD3 negative T lymphocytes are CD3 positive
43
what kind of receptors are expressed on nk cells that allow them lyse igG coated cells
Fc receptors for IgG also called CD 16
44
MHC 1 are expressed on surface of all nucleated body cells T or F
T
45
what is the function of inhibiting receptor for mhc1 expressed by NK cells
now all nucleated cells of the body express mhc1 if a virus or a neoplastic transformation occur in body cells which alters expression of mhc1 protein in any cell the nk clee via this receptor spots this cell and kills it
46
Macrophages are examples of APC's T or F
T
47
T cells recognize only membrane bound antigens T or F
T it's in the slide
48
Major histocompatibility complex are also called
Human leukocyte antigen complex
49
where are the genes that code for MHC's located on
short arm of chromosome 6 within loci A, B, C, D
50
MHC I is coded for by what region on the loci
A, B, C
51
mhc class 1 contains what kind of alpha and beta chains
polymorphic alpha non polymorphic Beta
52
mhc 2 contains what kind of alpha and Beta chain
polymorphic alpha polymorphic beta
53
what mhc is altered during viral infection of cells
MHC 1
54
MHC II is coded for by what region on the loci
D region D region has 3 sub regions DP, DQ, DR
55
what kind of cells can the following be found on 1. MHC 1 2. MHC 2
1. all nucleated cells and platelets 2. APC'S them no talk the one for mhc 3 for slide
56
what is the function of class 3 mhc
they encode for components of the complement system
57
2 different individual will have completely different mhc molecule except for identical twins T or F
T mhc are highly polymorphic
58
lwhat mhc allele is associated with the following disease 1. ankylosing spondylitis and other artheropathies - 2. hereditary chromatosis - 3. 21-hydroxylase deficiency(adrenal steroid enzyme) -
1. MHC B-27 2. MHC A 3. MHC BW47
59
a low molecular weight substance (e.g peptides and drugs) that can only act as an antigen after binding to a macromolecule is called
a Hapten
60
The immune system weighs how much
1kg and consist of about 1 × 10¹² lymphocytes
61
The immune system consist of lymphatic and the reticuloendothelial system T or F
T
62
at what period does the thymus change from an epithelial organ to lymphoid organ
2 month of Embryonic development
63
immature lymph cells in the thymus are taken care of by
nurse cells
64
immature lymphocytes that have left the bone marrow for thymus are called
thymocytes
65
development of B cells takes place where in these animals 1.You (yes you are an animal🤭) 2.Birds
1. Bone marrow 2. Bursa of fabricus(located near the cloaca)
66
state the region of lymph nodes where these cells reside 1. T lymphocytes 2. B lymphocytes
1. paracortical areas of lymph nodes with tertiary follicles which is supplied by venules 2. cortical regions with primary and secondary follicles as well as medulla with the medullary sinus of node
67
state the region of spleen where these cells reside 1. T lymphocytes 2. B lymphocytes
1. Periarteriolar lymph sheets (PALS) that surrounds the ateries of the splenic pulp and branches of trabecular artery 2. splenic follicles and part of the red pulp
68
list 4 examples of MALT (yes the drink) located in the body MALT = mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
1. Peyers patch in duodenum, solitary follicles and appendix follicles, (gut associated lymphoid tissue) 2. waldeyers ring in the mouth(the tonsils) 3. BALT (bronchi associated lymphoid tissue) present in the peribronchial fascial sheets 4. exocrine glands(salivary and pancreas) 5. SALT (for cooking) s means skin
69
CD4 is found on about ____% and CD8 on about _____% of mature T cells.
60% 30%

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