Immunopathology of caries and host Immunity Flashcards
(61 cards)
1
Q
inflammatory innate response at mucosal surface
A
via phagocytes: neutrophils, macrophages & esoinophils
2
Q
dental caries and periodontal diseases caused by
A
endogenous microbes
3
Q
regulation of commensal bacteria by
A
sIgA
4
Q
carries characterized by
A
- complex interactions
- microbial products
- salivary constituents
- dietary carbs on tooth
5
Q
formation of biolfims
A
dental plaque
6
Q
caries eventually lead to
A
loss of mineralized tooth enamel
7
Q
eclogical collision
A
infectious microbes and a lot of sugar in diet
8
Q
immune regulation of oral commensals
mi
A
- bacterial effects immune sytems
9
Q
caries
description
microorganisms
A
- decay of enamel and dentin (dental caries) or root carries
- streptococcus Lactobacillus
- Actinomyces (root caries)
10
Q
Gingivitis
description
microorganisms
A
- redness and swelling (inflammation) of gums
- Actinomyces
- Fusobacterium
- Bacteroides
- Prevotella
11
Q
periodontitis
description
microorganisms
A
- inflammation either rapid (aggressive) of slower (chronic) destruction of tissue supporting tooth
- Aggregatibacter (rapid)
- Porphyromonas
- Treponema
- tannerlla
- fusobacterium
- prevotella
12
Q
Etiologic agents of dental carries
A
- lactic acid bacteria
- heterogenous family of bacteria
- high pop. of S. mutans
- GTF enzyme
13
Q
lactic acid
A
- ferminted sugar
- chelates calcium
14
Q
what facilitates bacterial adherence
A
glucosyltransferase (GTF)
15
Q
Plaque Microbiota
A
- streptococcus mutans sterotype C (main)
- mom to child
- gram positive coccus
other
- streptoccus sorbinus
- lactobacillus species
- actinomyces
16
Q
tooth with highest microbial diversity are more
A
susceptible to caries
17
Q
gram+
A
promotes gingival health
18
Q
promotes gingival health
A
- plaque reduction
- reduced inflmammation
- low GCF flow
- gram +
19
Q
three types of dental carries
A
enamel
dentin
roots
20
Q
enamel carries
A
smooth surface
- S. mutans
- S. salivarius
pit+fissures
- S.mutans
- Lactobacilli
21
Q
Dentin carries
A
- lactobacilli
- anerobic gm+ rods
22
Q
Root carries
A
Actinomyces
23
Q
S. mutans fermentation
A
- glucose is the most fermented
- more acid production leads to larger drop in oral pH
24
Q
Sucrose metabolism for S. mutans
A
- glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme creates glucans & dextrans polymers
- generates excess lactate
- creates plaque
25
glucans and dextrins
* sticky gelatinous
* traps bacteria
* feed plaque microbial community
* attaches to tooth surface
26
surface protein antigens of S. mutans
Antibodies against SA I/II prevent colonization of
S. mutans on teeth
27
Polysaccharide antigens of S. mutans
* antibodies against carb antigens are protective and prevent binding of GTF to cell prohibiting caries formation
28
what is proposed as targets for caries vaccine antigen
GTF
29
immunological control of cariogenic streptococcal and dental carries
* Immunity to oral pathogens is principally mediated by sIgA in salivia
* Systemic immunity cia IgG and IgM in GCF
30
majority of pathogens invade via
| (flu, HIV)
mucosal structures
31
Salivia antibodies
* majority
* IgA
* GCF
* IgG
* IgM
32
gingival crevice antibodies
* lymphocytes
* macrophages
* PMN
33
caries are associated with which antbodies
for S.mutans
increased sIgA
| (reseach has not confirmed)
34
Development of sIgA specific to S. mutans
newborn-infant
1 year
10 years
* newborn-infant
* no Ab to S. mutans
* 1 year
* start developing Ab against S. mutans
* 10 years
* IgA levels = to an adult
35
correlation of sIgA or serum IgG or IgM
correlate levels of sIgA or IgG and IgM Abs to S. mutans with resistance to dental caries
36
Immunological host defenses in caries
* production of slgA
* not understood well
* salivary abs interact with bacterial surface proteins
* bacteria opsonize bacteria
37
immune response to root suface carries
complement-IgG-PMN immune activation
* IgG-complement activation via classical pathway
* C3a, C5a generation
* Inflammation-phagocyte PMN
38
root surface bacteria
Actinomyces , S. mutans , lactobacillus
39
goal for vaccination against caries
* prevention of attachment
* reduce number of pathogens
* interfere with metabolic activity
40
dental vaccination approaches targetins specific pathogen
S. mutans
(difficult to get sIgA to generate long term response)
41
problems with vaccine against carries
development of rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
42
vaccine identification candidate
GTF or GTB
generate sIgA or serum IgG protective
43
Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the resilt of an
ecological imbalance between resident microbiota and host immunoity
44
* what provudes host defense in the oral cavity
innate and adaptive immunity
45
Innate immunity is primarly imparted via
mucosal and dental barriers
46
soluble antimicrobial mactors in saliva and GCF make up
the first line of defense (innate immunity)
47
saliva flushes
mucosal and dental surfaces of the mouth
48
GCF flushes the
oral cavity
49
inflammatory innate response at the mucosal surface is rendered by phagocytes
neutrophils. macrophages, and eosinophils
50
what provides adaptive immunity
* sIgA in saliva
* IgG and IgM in GCF
* effector T lymphocytes
51
diveristy and richness of microbial communites of the tooth surface directly releate to
* caries risk
* more diverse more at risk to caries
52
with established caries acid environment reduces the
diversity and richness of local microbiota
53
plaque accumulation triggers
inflammatory host response
54
change in the local environment condition favoring growth of proteolytic
gram-bacteria
55
host dendenses in caries
not understood well
56
bacteria in mouth...
| (steps)
1. swallow bacteria
2. stimulation of b cells in peyer's patch in gut-assoicated lymphoid tissue
3. gereration of plasma cells in salivary glands
57
production sIgA
| (6 effects)
1. salivary Abs interact with bacterial surface proteins
2. interfere with bacterial adhesion, colonization and caries formation
3. Abs opsinize bacteria
4. promote phagocytosis by PMNs and macrophages
5. release of chemokines and trigger inflammation
6. activation of lymphocytes
58
vaccine against caries
* whole pathogen vaccination with S.mutans in humans does not work
59
S.mutans Ag is crossreactive with
* S. pyogenes Ag molecular mimicry
* can induces Abs cross reactive to human heart, joints and kidney tissues
60
Bad effect of vaccine against caries
* generation of auto antibodies
* induction of autoreactive T cells to myocardium , heart valves, joint, blood vessels and kidney
61
what is a possible type of caries vaccine ?
synthetic vaccine without epitopes shared with human Ag is a possibility
