IMMUNOSERO LAB Unit 1: Laboratory Safety and Experiment 15

Question 1

What is the most significant hazard in the laboratory?

Answer 1

Biological hazard

Question 2

What should you assume about every person in the laboratory?

Answer 2

That they are potentially infected by a microorganism that could be transmitted

Question 3

What are the three key components of standard precautions?

Answer 3

Hand hygiene, Wearing Personal Protective Equipment, Proper recapping of needles

Question 4

Which organization regulates occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens?

Answer 4

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 5

Where must all biological waste (except urine) be disposed of?

Answer 5

In appropriate containers with a biohazard symbol

Question 6

Why should needles never be recapped?

Answer 6

To prevent accidental puncture injuries

Question 7

What document must all reagents in the laboratory have?

Answer 7

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Question 8

What is the purpose of a Chemical Hygiene Plan?

Answer 8

To outline safety procedures in handling chemicals

Question 9

What hazard does radioactivity pose in the lab?

Answer 9

Can damage fetus or laboratory personnel

Question 10

Which organization establishes fire safety standards?

Answer 10

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Question 11

What must be worn when handling body fluids in the laboratory?

Answer 11

Safety laboratory coats and gloves

Question 12

Why should food and drinks not be consumed in the work area?

Answer 12

To avoid contamination with specimens and reagents

Question 13

What is the proper technique for opening a rubber-stoppered test tube?

Answer 13

Use a gauze square

Question 14

What must be used instead of mouth pipetting?

Answer 14

Autodilutors or safety bulbs

Question 15

What type of container should be used for disposing of needles and broken glass slides?

Answer 15

A red puncture-proof container with a biohazard symbol

Question 16

How long should hand hygiene take?

Answer 16

Around 2 minutes

Question 17

What is the purpose of Quality Assurance in the laboratory?

Answer 17

To create and maintain good quality practices

Question 18

What are the three phases of Quality Assurance?

Answer 18

Pre-analytical, Analytical, Post-analytical

Question 19

What does Quality Control focus on?

Answer 19

Ensuring accuracy, precision, and reliability of test results

Question 20

Which organization administers NEQAS?

Answer 20

Department of Health (DOH)

Question 21

What must be checked before using a reagent?

Answer 21

Expiration date

Question 22

Why should different reagents not be mixed?

Answer 22

To prevent chemical reactions and contamination

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of calibration in the laboratory?

Answer 23

To ensure instruments are performing accurately

Question 24

How should centrifuged specimens be handled?

Answer 24

Keep caps closed to minimize aerosol diffusion

Question 25

What are two types of Quality Control?

Answer 25

Internal QC and External QC

Question 26

What does an External QC verify?

Answer 26

The accuracy and precision of a test

Question 27

What is the role of the hemocytometer?

Answer 27

To manually count blood cells

Question 28

What is the purpose of Trypan Blue Dye Exclusion Test?

Answer 28

To differentiate live cells from dead cells

Question 29

Which layer of a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient contains PBMCs?

Answer 29

The interface between the plasma layer and Ficoll-Hypaque solution

Question 30

What are the two types of immunity?

Answer 30

Innate immunity and Acquired immunity

Question 31

Which type of immunity involves antibodies?

Answer 31

Humoral immunity

Question 32

Which cell type does Concanavalin A stimulate?

Answer 32

T cells

Question 33

Which cell type does Staphylococcal aureus Cowan Strain stimulate?

Answer 33

B cells

Question 34

What is the function of Flow Cytometry?

Answer 34

To differentiate cell populations

Question 35

What type of microscope is used for counting lymphocytes?

Answer 35

Light microscope

Question 36

What is the purpose of Nylon Wool Purification?

Answer 36

To separate T and B cells

Question 37

Which cells adhere to Nylon Wool fibers?

Answer 37

B cells

Question 38

What is the incubation temperature for Nylon Wool Purification?

Answer 38

37°C

Question 39

What must be done before running a patient sample test?

Answer 39

Run and record two levels of commercial controls

Question 40

What does washing PBMCs with HBSS/PBS remove?

Answer 40

Platelets and excess plasma proteins

Question 41

What is the approximate cell yield from 4mL of blood?

Answer 41

Between 10⁷-10⁸ cells

Question 42

Which anticoagulants can be used for PBMC isolation?

Answer 42

Heparin, EDTA, ACD, CPD

Question 43

What does RPMI-1640 medium support?

Answer 43

Lymphocyte culture and proliferation

Question 44

What is the function of acetic acid in cell counting?

Answer 44

To lyse red blood cells and stain nuclei

Question 45

What is the role of fetal calf serum (FCS) in cell culture?

Answer 45

Provides essential nutrients for cell growth

Question 46

What should be labeled on reagent bottles?

Answer 46

Expiration date and date opened

Question 47

What is the purpose of scintillation fluid in the Bulk Assay Method?

Answer 47

To measure radioactive emissions

Question 48

Why must mitogens be used in lymphocyte assays?

Answer 48

To induce cell proliferation

Question 49

Which quality control method ensures reliability of laboratory tests?

Answer 49

Regular performance of quality control checks

Question 50

What is the purpose of a post-examination process?

Answer 50

To ensure accurate reporting and interpretation of results

Question 51

Which agency oversees laboratory safety standards?

Answer 51

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)