Immunosupressants Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the most frequent subjective symptoms associated with methotrexate?
Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Fatigue, Headache
These symptoms are commonly reported by patients undergoing treatment.
What are some occasional subjective symptoms of methotrexate?
Loss of libido, Impaired memory
These symptoms may occur less frequently compared to the most common ones.
What hepatic side effects can occur with methotrexate?
Hepatitis, Cirrhosis
These conditions can develop as a result of prolonged use.
What hematopoietic side effects are associated with methotrexate?
Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Anemia
Hematological effects often require monitoring during treatment.
What mucocutaneous side effects can occur with methotrexate?
Oral erosions, Alopecia, Delayed phototoxicity
These effects can impact the skin and mucous membranes.
What are the potential idiosyncratic reactions to methotrexate?
Severe pneumonia, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Pancytopenia
These reactions can occur early in the treatment course.
What are the risks associated with fetal development when using methotrexate?
Birth defects: cranial and absence of digits
Methotrexate is contraindicated during pregnancy due to these risks.
What is a noted carcinogenic risk for rheumatoid arthritis patients taking methotrexate?
Increased risk of lymphoma
This risk is particularly relevant for patients undergoing long-term therapy.
What pulmonary side effect is associated with methotrexate?
Interstitial pneumonitis (acute-onset cough, dyspnea)
This can manifest as respiratory distress in some patients.
What opportunistic infections may occur with methotrexate use?
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, Cryptococcosis, Disseminated herpes zoster
Patients may be more susceptible to these infections.
True or False: Methotrexate is associated with a risk of cutaneous SCC in PUVA-treated patients.
True
PUVA therapy combined with methotrexate increases this risk.
What bone side effects are there to methotrexate?
Osteopathy, pain, osteoporosis, compression fractures.
Osteopathy is a serious side effect that can affect bone health.
What potential cardiovascular side effects are noted with methotrexate?
Ventricular cardiac arrhythmias, Lowered seizure threshold
These effects can be serious and require medical attention.
What percentage of patients on oral methotrexate regimens may experience side effects?
Up to 10%
This statistic highlights the prevalence of side effects among patients.
What is the recommended dose of folic acid to reduce side effects from methotrexate?
5 mg, 24 hours after MTX dose
This preventive measure can help mitigate some adverse effects.
What is the risk of malignancy in large series of psoriasis patients treated with methotrexate?
No increased risk of malignancy observed.
However increased risk of lymphoma for rheumatoid arthritis patients on methotrexate.
Which conditions are an absolute contraindication for cyclosporine?
Impaired renal function
Uncontrolled HTN
Present malignancy
Radiotherapy
Photo chemotherapy
Severe infection
Unreliable pt
Pregnancy
Allergy
What past exposure is listed as a contraindication for cyclosporine?
History of arsenic exposure
What concurrent drug administration is contraindicated with cyclosporine?
Concurrent methotrexate administration
What metabolic conditions are contraindications for cyclosporine?
Hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia
What is the recommended starting dose of cyclosporine?
3 mg/kg/day in two divided doses
To what maximum dose can cyclosporine be increased?
5 mg/kg/day, increased at 2 week intervals
What is the role of the cytochrome P450 3A isoform in cyclosporine treatment?
Inactivates cyclosporine
Name of biologic for generalised pustular psoriasis
Spesolimab
