Immunotherapy Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is direct immunotherapy
Ab or Ab fragments that detect an antigen on tumour cell and destory by delivering toxin or recruiting immune cells
What are examples of direct immunotherapy
Monoclonal Ab
CAR T cells
Bispecific Ab
What is indirect immunotherapy
Immune system is activated so able to seek and destroy tumour cell
What are examples of indirect immunotherapy
Tumour vaccine Dendritic cell vaccine Adoptive cell transfer Cytokine therapies Checkpoint inhibitor therapies Mediator antagonista - block mediates of inflammation e.g. H1 blocker (anti-histamine) Stimulatory antibodies
What are cytokines
IL
Interferon
TNF
What is cytokine therapy
Immunomodulatory cytokines used to activate anti-tumour
or inhibit harmful cytokines e.g. in RA or septic shcok
Examples of cytokine therapy
Pegylated IFN-a - antitumour and antiviral
IFNy in chronic granulomatous to increase killing
What is adaptive immunity
Vaccine
Specific and provoke memory
What is passive immunity
Human Ig extracted from range of donor
Only IgG
No memory but immediate protection
My get serum sickness / anaphylaxis if Ig recognised as foreign
What do you give HNIG for prophylaxis
Hep A
Measles
Polio
Rubella
What do you give specific Ig for prophylaxis
Hep B
Rabies
Tetanus
VZV
What is intravenous Ig key in treating
Immunodefinceiy disorders PID IgG deficiency MM / CLL Children with HIV GBS Allogenic bone marrow transplant Autoimmune - Kawasaki / ITP / GVHD / vasculitis / myasthenia gravis / SLE
What are the complications of Ig
Adverse reaction
Transmission of infection
What is rituximab and what is it used in
Monoclonal Ab against CD20 on B cell
1st line in NHL
Used to treat RA + SLE
What in infliximab
Anti TNF-a (pro-inflammatory cytokines)
RA
AS
IBD
What is tratuzumab / Petruzumab
Binds HER2 on cancer cell and marks for destruction
Rx metastatic breast cancer
When is plasma exchange used
Autoimmune diseases which involve formation of autoantibodies or immune complexes
Myasthenia graves
Anti-GBM
Vasculitis
Use in combination with immunosuppression
What are CAR T cells
T cells expressing CAR directed at same antigen which increases trafficking of immune system to the tumour site
Need to identify tumour antigen
What do dendritic cell vaccines do
Take blood sample of patient
Culture cells with cytokines that promote APC function
Transfusion of APC after uptake of tumour antigen
What are examples of immunsoupresion
Corticoisteroid Azathioprine Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporin Tacrolimus Sirolimus MMF
What do corticosteroids do
Affect T and B cell function
Anti-inflammatory as stops cytokines etc
What does azathioprine / cyclophosphamide do
Inhibit DNA synthesis + suppress B cell activity
Little anti-inflammation
Use in combination with steroid
What does cyclosporin, sirolimus and tacrolimus do
Calcineurin inhibitor
Down regulation of IL-2 which is released in inflammation
Suppression Th and NK cells
What does MMF do
INhiibts purine synthesis
Prevent T cell and Ab production
Used in transplant rejection / Systemic diseases
