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history- Germany 1890-1945 (part 1) > impact of the first world war > Flashcards

impact of the first world war Flashcards

2.1, 2.2A, 2.2B, 2.3, 2.4A & 2.4B

1
Q

what was the impact of the British stopping supply ships to Germany?

A
  • shortages of food, medicine and clothing
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2
Q

what happened in 1915?

A

500 women gathered in front of the German parliament buildings and said they wanted their men back

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3
Q

why was life for Germans so hard in 1918?

A
  • lack of food- surviving on turnips and bread
  • flu epidemic
  • battlefields- Germany was close to defeat
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4
Q

on what date was the Germany navy ordered out to sea from Kiel to attack British ships?

A

28th October 1918

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5
Q

what is mutiny?

A

rebellion by soldiers or sailors who refuse to take orders

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6
Q

on what date did the Kaiser abdicate?

A

9th November 1918

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7
Q

who was the leader of the SPD?

A

Friedrich Ebert

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8
Q

on what date did Germany surrender?

A

11th November 1918

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9
Q

Impact of the war on Germany: money?

A
  • Germany had borrowed money from people (e.g. USA)
  • this would need paying back
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10
Q

Impact of the war on Germany: (money and allies)?

A

Germany had lent some of its money to allies- would they ever get this back?

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11
Q

Impact of the war on Germany: (war pensions)?

A
  • the war left 60,000 war widows and 2 million children without fathers
  • war pensions would cost the government a lot
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12
Q

Impact of the war on Germany: (factories)?

A
  • factories were exhausted
  • were producing guns, bullets and shells- not goods abroad to sell and then make money
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13
Q

Impact of the war on Germany: (factory owners)?

A

some factory owners made a fortune however German workers had restricted wages

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14
Q

Impact of the war on Germany: (women and traditional values)?

A

women worked in the factories during the war- some thought this was untraditional and ruined typical family values

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15
Q

impact of the war on Germany (political)?

A
  • before the war, Germany was rich and powerful- now there was mutiny and rebellion
  • ex- soldiers and civilians felt they could have won the war- they hated the November Criminals who ended the war and refused to support them
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16
Q

what is an armistice?

A

an agreement or truce to stop fighting

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17
Q

what did Ebert order to try and help Germany?

A
  • improvements to working conditions
  • help for the unemployed
  • improved housing
  • more food supplies
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18
Q

what type of republic did Ebert want?

A

a democratic republic- no Kaisers

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19
Q

what did the Spartacists believe in?

A
  • left wing
  • everyone is equal
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20
Q

how did Spartacists want Germany to be run?

A
  • run by small councils of soldiers and workers, nor a large parliament
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21
Q

what happened on 6th January 1919?

A

the Spartacists tried to take over Berlin

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22
Q

how did Ebert respond to the Spartacists?

A

he sent in a group of 2000 ex-soldiers (Free Corps) to attack the Spartacists

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23
Q

who were the leaders of the Spartacists?

A

Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht

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24
Q

what year and month did Ebert become president?

A

late January 1919

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25
Q

on what date did the German politicians meet to discuss how to run Germany?

A

11th February 1919

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26
Q

what was the Weimar Constitution?

A

a formal set of rules for how Germany would be governed

27
Q

how was Weimar more democratic than when the Kaiser ruled?

A
  • all Germans had equal rights- including the right to vote
  • all women over the age of 20 could vote
28
Q

what did proportional representation mean?

A

meant that lots of different political parties were able to win seats in the Reichstag- this made it difficult to make decisions and introduce laws
- made law- making a very slow decision

29
Q

which people didnt like how Weimar was running Germany?

A
  • older army generals
  • judges
  • upper-class families
  • rich factory owners
30
Q

constitution of the Weimar Republic: the president?

A
  • elected every 7 years
  • controlled army, navy and air force
  • stayed out of day-to-day running of the country
  • in emergencies, he could rule on his own without having the support of the Reichstag- Article 48
31
Q

constitution of the Weimar Republic: the chancellor?

A
  • chosen by the president
  • day-to-day running of the country
32
Q

constitution of the Weimar Republic: the Reichstag?

A
  • discussed and introduced laws
  • MP’s were elected every 4 years
33
Q

constitution of the Weimar Republic: the German people?

A
  • all men & women over the age of 20 could vote
  • they elected the President and the MP’s in the Reichstag
34
Q

Communist Party(KPD):
- supporters?
- attitude to Weimar Republic?
- Policies?

A
  • working class
  • anti- republic
  • thought Germany should be communist and run by workers’ councils not parliament
35
Q

Social Democratic Party(SPD):
- supporters?
- attitude to Weimar Republic
- policies

A
  • mostly working class
  • pro- republic- Ebert was a Social Democrat
  • believed everyone was equal- wanted democracy and reforms to help ordinary workers
36
Q

German Democratic Party(DDP):
- supporters?
- attitude to Weimar Republic?
- policies?

A
  • middle class
  • pro- republic
  • believed in individual freedom- e.g. rights to hold peaceful meetings, freedom of speech
37
Q

Centre Party(Zentrum):
- supporters?
- attitude to Weimar Republic?
- policies?

A
  • Catholics
  • pro-republic
  • supported the interests and beliefs of the Catholic Church
38
Q

People’s Party(DVP):
- supporters?
- attitude to Weimar Republic?
- policies?

A

-middle class
- pro-republic but would like to have a Kaiser in the future
- supported any policy that promoted trade and industry (to make money)

39
Q

National People’s Party(DNVP):
- supporters?
- attitude to Weimar Republic?
- policies?

A
  • middle and upper class
  • anti-republic
  • wanted a strong government- lead by a strong Kaiser or politician
40
Q

National Socialist German Workers’ Party(NSDAP/Nazis)
- supporters?
- attitude to Weimar Republic?
- policies?

A
  • unemployed, mainly ex-soldiers, middle & upper class who feared communism
  • anti- republic
  • wanted Germany to have great military power again- hated democracy- hated Communism
41
Q

ToV: reparations?

A
  • war was Germany’s fault- Germany should pay for the cost- £6.6 billion
  • should be paid to the winner, lasting until 1988
42
Q

ToV: army?

A
  • small army
  • 100,000 soldiers
  • six battleships
  • no submarines, tanks or airforce
43
Q

ToV: colonies?

A

Germany must hand over its colonies to the winning countries

44
Q

ToV: Austria?

A

Germany should never unite with Austria again

45
Q

ToV: Rhineland?

A

No German soldiers should enter the Rhineland

46
Q

what date was the ToV signed?

A

28th June 1919

47
Q

what was Article 231?

A

Germans had to admit they were responsible for the war

48
Q

how much land did the Germans lose because of the ToV?

A
  • 10%- the Saar, North Schleswig and Alsace Lorraine
49
Q

how much resources did the Germans lose because of the ToV?

A
  • 13% of land
  • 48% of steel
  • 16% of German coal
50
Q

what did the Germans call the treaty?

A

a diktat- a dictated peace

51
Q

how much did a loaf of bread cost in:
- December 1921
- September 1923
- November 1923

A
  • 4 marks
  • 1.5 million marks
  • 201 billion marks
52
Q

what happened in 1922?

A

the Germans announced they could not pay the reparations

53
Q

what happened in January 1923?

A

60,000 French and Belgian soldiers marched into the Ruhr and took control of every factory, mine and railway in the region

54
Q

what did the German government tell the workers in the Ruhr to do?

A
  • not fight back but go on strike
55
Q

how many strikers were killed and punished?

A
  • over 100 killed
  • 15,000 thrown out of their homes as punishment
56
Q

what did the German government decide to do about the Ruhr crisis?

A
  • continue to pay the strikers
  • Germany was running short on money because the Ruhr wasn’t producing coal, iron and steel to sell to other nations
57
Q

what did the German government do to pay the strikers?

A

printed large amounts of money

58
Q

what happened because the striking workers were being paid for not working?

A
  • they spent their money quickly
  • shopkeepers put their prices up
59
Q

what happened as shops raised their prices all over Germany?

A
  • the government printed even more money
  • the more money they printed, the faster prices went up
60
Q

what happened the faster prices went up?

A
  • the faster people spent their wages
  • workers were being paid twice a day
61
Q

what happened to people’s savings?

A

they became worthless

62
Q

what happened to elderly people during hyperinflation?

A

they lived on fixed pensions and they found their income wouldnt buy them what they needed anymore

63
Q

what happened to people who borrowed money during hyperinflation?

A

they found it very easy to pay off their debts

history- Germany 1890-1945 (part 1) (3 decks)

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