impact on society

Question 1

how many fought at towton? how many died?

Answer 1

50k
9k

Question 2

estimates of fighting say it totalled how long between when and when

Answer 2

12 weeks to 2 years
32 yr period 1455-1487

Question 3

knights tended to fight on what? using what two things? what did this mean?

Answer 3

on foot
poleaxes and maces
fighting was short because it was hard

Question 4

edward created many peers
what did this do?

Answer 4

alienated older families, made them more willing to support warwick in 69-71

Question 5

ludford bridge - how many yorkist lords and how many lancastrian lords

Answer 5

6
21

Question 6

st albans 2 - how many yorkist lords?
how many lancastrian?

Answer 6

12
15-17

Question 7

towton - how many yorkist lords, how many lancastrian

Answer 7

9
21

Question 8

how much on the nobility were wiped out between 69-71, in how many years

Answer 8

over a quarter
less than two years

Question 9

what id edwards banning of livery and maintenance in the early 60s do?

Answer 9

curtailed the nobilities ability to raise private armies

Question 10

noble families were more likely to die through what than the impact of the wars

Answer 10

lack of male heirs

Question 11

how many warwick and how many edward nobles pulled up in 69-71

Answer 11

4
7

Question 12

how many peers in total fought at barnet and tewksbury

Answer 12

only 18
- most had no choice, it was survival not support

Question 13

how many peers showed up in bosworth for richard? for henry?

Answer 13

only 6 definitely, with another 6 potentially
3 or 4 for henry

Question 14

nobles were more focused on what than domestic battles?

Answer 14

foreign wars

Question 15

what law and when, clarified social distinctions

Answer 15

sumptuary law 1463

Question 16

the gentry comprised of how many knights, how many esquires an dhow many gentleman?

Answer 16

500, 800, 5000

Question 17

knighthood used to be through military valour, but how were they often now becoming knights

Answer 17

via inheriting land ( but the title still had to be granted)

Question 18

who did the gentry rely on

Answer 18

noble patrons

Question 19

what suggests that how many men who sat in the commons during henrys reign fought for him at which battle

Answer 19

attainders in 1461
32
towton

Question 20

how many lancastrian gentry were executed after towton

Answer 20

42

Question 21

what kind of evidence suggests the number of genrty willing to fight in the wars of the roses did what over time

Answer 21

anecdotal
declined

Question 22

gentry continued to prosper as long as what

Answer 22

they weren’t personally involved

Question 23

towton had a mass grave of how many fighters?
what does this go against?

Answer 23

37
- brutally killed
goes against ed4s claim they were spared

Question 24

what does grummit say is clear by 1471?

Answer 24

the commissions of array succeed in putting several thousand man into the field

Question 25

plague returned to england every how many years up till when?

Answer 25

4-10 years 1480

Question 26

peasants were also hit hard by what illness

Answer 26

sweating sickness

Question 27

because of the labour shortage, what could peasants now command

Answer 27

netter working conditions and higher wages

Question 28

what were the 6 main industries

Answer 28

cloth mining fishing salt metallurgy building

Question 29

much trade was via what?

Answer 29

hanseatic league

Question 30

english merchants were often alienated by what?

Answer 30

trade deals with foeiegners, sparing them customs duties and giving them privileged status

Question 31

trade increased under who

Answer 31

edward 4 and louis 11

Question 32

what did edward do that restored most of the trade privileges with the hanseatic league

Answer 32

1471 deal, gave him 14 ships to retunr to englan d

Question 33

what side did many tradespeople try to take? how did this help them saty?

Answer 33

neutral 'remarkably unscathed'

Question 34

when did villages in norfolk raise money to fight how many men? who describes this?

Answer 34

1460, 400 john paston

Question 35

more govt money was being raised from what instead of foreign banks

Answer 35

domestic loans

Question 36

the largest city was what, with how many people?

Answer 36

40,000

Question 37

norwich, york and bristol only had populations of how many people?

Answer 37

5000

Question 38

give an example of troops merely following the willing side

Answer 38

1471 coventry served warwick at barnet supported edwad super soon after

Question 39

where mounted a watch during 1450

Answer 39

canterbury (towns trying to protect their own infrastructure)

Question 40

when was the only example of devastation/attrition

Answer 40

1461 - devastation of yorkist lands by margaret's army

Question 41

what were the 5 main battles where the most damage was caused

Answer 41

st albans towton barnet tewksbury bosworth

Question 42

when were the seiges to catsles in northumberland

Answer 42

1461-64