Imperialism

Question 1

What is Imperialism?

Answer 1

The domination by a powerful nation over the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation or region.

Question 2

Where could Europeans nations go and easily conquer people and bring those people under European control?

Answer 2

Asia, the Americas, and Africa

Question 3

What were the three types of motives for imperialism?

Answer 3

Cultural, Political, Economic

Question 4

What are the two types of economic motives? Explain

Answer 4

1. The need for new markets
   - a surplus of goods was created
   - supply > demand, prices decrease and profits decrease
2. The need for self-sufficiency
   - European nations did not trust each other; didn’t want to rely on the other nations, tariffs were created
   - mechanization required mass quantities of: iron, coal, copper, rubber, and wool
   - consumer goods were also needed: silk, tea, cotton, spices, coffee < NOT FROM EUROPE

Question 5

Colonialism and imperialism are the same thing, what sets them apart?

Answer 5

Colonialism, 1450 - 1750, was the term used before the Industrial Revolution and imperialism, 1750 - present day, was the one after.

Question 6

What is the cultural motive? Explain

Answer 6

The White Mans Burden
“Take up the white man’s burden
send forth the best ye bread
go bind your sons to exile
to serve your captives needs”

• White Mans = Europeans, Burden = duty/responsibility
• the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose their civilization on the inhabitants of their colonies
• basically the Europeans brought and forced their ‘western ideals’ on other countries

Question 7

What is natural selection?

Answer 7

Europeans were able to dominate, so Europeans were better - ethnocentrism

Question 8

What is cultural diffusion?

Answer 8

Europeans felt superior - imposed western culture on foreign countries
- culture meaning: religion, clothing, language, recreation, food, and customs

Question 9

What is animism?

Answer 9

the belief that spirits or gods inhabited objects in nature
- Europeans thought they were silly and said, ‘if these wear real Gods, then why were they so easily to be dominated

Question 10

What was the political motive?

Answer 10

Nationalism

Question 11

What is nationalism?

Answer 11

Pride in ones nation, unity and independence, and a feeling superiority

Question 12

What is a colony?

Answer 12

A nation or region totally controlled by a more powerful nation and populated by people from the dominant country
- DIRECT RULE

Question 13

What is a protectorate?

Answer 13

A local ruler maintained the title, but the officials of the dominant nation control the region
- INDIRECT RULE

Question 14

What is a sphere of influence?

Answer 14

A region in which one powerful and technologically superior nation had special economic and political privileges recognized by other nations

Question 15

What is extraterritoriality?

Answer 15

• Diplomatic immunity
• Foreigners were not subject to the dominated nations laws; political privilege

Question 16

What is exclusivity?

Answer 16

The dominated nation gave the dominant nation the SOLE/ONLY right to trade in one area of the dominated nation; economic privilege

Question 17

What were the four major problems that contributed to the decline of the Qing Dynasty?

Answer 17

1. Rapid population growth & domestic industry systems
2. Corrupt political systems & failure to maintain civil service
   - accepted bribes for political positions
3. No investment in infrastructure
   - few taxes put into schools, roads, the military, hospitals
4. No development of advanced technology
   - many of their designs never developed because of ETHNOCENTRISM

Question 18

What did the Chinese call foreigners?

Answer 18

Guizi - demons/devils

Question 19

What items did Europeans want from China?

Answer 19

Spices, jade, porcelain, precious metals, TEA, and SILK

Question 20

What could foreigners ONLY purchase goods with?

Answer 20

Gold, silver, cotton

Question 21

China was the largest market for what type of goods?

Answer 21

Finished goods

Question 22

During the Opium Wars, what could foreigners ONLY trade for?

Answer 22

Tea

Question 23

Where could foreigners ONLY exchange goods at, during the Opium Wars?

Answer 23

Guangzhou/Canton

Question 24

During the Opium Wars, Britain requested WHAT from the Chinese?

Answer 24

Additional ports OR additional items

Question 25

Where did the start smuggling the opium from?

Answer 25

India

Question 26

China demanded the British _____ and Britain demanded _______________.

Answer 26

China demanded the British stop and Britain demanded more ports and goods.

Question 27

Who won the Opium War and why?

Answer 27

Britain won due to their ADVANCED TECH
- steel
- guns
- steam engines

Question 28

What was the Treaty of Nanking?

Answer 28

• $1B to Britain
• Hong Kong became a British Colony
• Shanghai & Xiomen became British spheres of influence

Question 29

What was the Sino-Japanese War?

Answer 29

China fought against Japan for control of Korea

Question 30

What was Korea to China?

Answer 30

Korea was a colony of China which provided a large market and source of raw materials
- Japan wanted to replace China and dominate Korea.

Question 31

Who won the Sino-Japanese War and why?

Answer 31

Japan won because they had a much more modern military

Question 32

What was the Treaty of Shimonoseki?

Answer 32

• Korea gained independence
• Japan received Taiwan as a colony
• Japan received spheres of influence in Northeast China
• $150M to Japan from China

Question 33

What was the cause of the Boxer Rebellion?

Answer 33

The boxers hated the western influence of China and the foreigners in their country

Question 34

What did the Boxer’s do to the foreigners?

Answer 34

Muggings, assaults, kidnappings, & murders (TERRORISM)

Question 35

Who was the Six Nation Force?

Answer 35

Britain, France, U.S., Germany, Russia, Japan

Question 36

What were the four results of the Boxer Rebellion?

Answer 36

1. Russia got a protectorate in Manchuria
2. Bejing sphere of influence for 6 victorious powers
3. East Chinese railway owned + operated by the 6 powers
4. China paid $60B total - $10B EACH

Question 37

Dropping prices and an increase in the European population led to what?

Answer 37

Imperialism in order to gain new markets

Question 38

The least dominant type of imperialism is what?

Answer 38

A sphere of influence

Question 39

What are two ways the industrial revolution affects imperialism?

Answer 39

• The use of machinery/production of goods
• Advanced technology

Question 40

What kind of systems did Japan have?

Answer 40

Feudal and Manorial

Question 41

What was the order of the feudal system?

Answer 41

• Emperor = European Monarch
• Shogun = Noble/Lord
• Samurai = Knights
• Peasants = Serfs