import note

Question 1

What is Manifest Destiny?

Answer 1

The belief that Americans were destined to expand across North America.

Question 2

What were the reasons for Manifest Destiny?

Answer 2

1. Access to more natural and mineral resources.
2. More economic opportunities for settlers.
3. More lands in the west could provide a religious refuge for those seeking such freedoms.

Question 3

What happened in Texas regarding American settlement?

Answer 3

Americans settled in Mexican territory, leading to tensions.

Question 4

What did the Mexican government mandate in 1821?

Answer 4

1. Conversion to Roman Catholicism.
2. Outlawing of slavery.

Question 5

What was the reaction of Americans to the Mexican government’s terms?

Answer 5

Americans rejected these terms.

Question 6

What action did Texans take against the Mexican government?

Answer 6

Texans revolted, captured General Santa Anna, and forced him to sign a treaty for Texas independence.

Question 7

What was the outcome of Texas independence?

Answer 7

Texas sought recognition from the Mexican government but was rejected from the Union.

Question 8

What was the situation in Oregon during this period?

Answer 8

Rights were held by both British and Americans, with a focus on fur trade.

Question 9

What role did American missionaries play in Oregon?

Answer 9

American missionaries traveled in thousands to the region.

Question 10

Who was elected in 1844 and what did he believe in?

Answer 10

James K. Polk, a strong believer in Manifest Destiny.

Question 11

What was Polk’s stance on territorial expansion?

Answer 11

Polk believed that territories should be added to the Union.

Question 12

Who annexed Texas?

Answer 12

John Tyler annexed Texas.

Question 13

What did Americans claim as the southern border?

Answer 13

Americans claimed the southern border as the Rio Grande.

Question 14

What border did Mexicans claim?

Answer 14

Mexicans claimed the Nueces River.

Question 15

What began in 1846?

Answer 15

The conflict over California and New Mexico began in 1846.

Question 16

What treaty ended the conflict?

Answer 16

The conflict ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Question 17

What did the Wilmot Proviso state?

Answer 17

The Wilmot Proviso was an amendment that stated any land gained from Mexico would not allow slavery.

Question 18

What territories were included in the land gained from Mexico?

Answer 18

The land gained included California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.

Question 19

What was the impact of westward migration?

Answer 19

Westward migration led to a mining boom.

Question 20

How many people migrated during the mining boom?

Answer 20

Approximately 400,000 people migrated during the mining boom.

Question 21

What is the Southern Position?

Answer 21

A constitutional right established in the Missouri Compromise to extend all the way westward to the Pacific.

Question 22

What was the Free Soil Position?

Answer 22

A stance held by Northern Democrats and Whigs that all land gained in the West should be free territory for white settlers.

Question 23

What did abolitionists want regarding the Free Soil Position?

Answer 23

They wanted to ensure that prosperity was not built on slavery.

Question 24

What was the Free Soil Party?

Answer 24

A political party formed by those who opposed the extension of slavery into the territories.

Question 25

What is Popular Sovereignty?

Answer 25

The principle that allowed people living in a territory to decide the slavery issue for themselves.

Question 26

What was the Compromise of 1850?

Answer 26

A series of laws proposed by Henry Clay that included the division of the Mexican Cession into Utah and New Mexico, with the decision on slavery left to the territories.

Question 27

What was the status of California in the Compromise of 1850?

Answer 27

California was admitted as a free state.

Question 28

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

Answer 28

A law passed by Congress that made Northerners legally responsible for reporting runaway slaves.

Question 29

What was the Underground Railroad?

Answer 29

A network that provided safe passage for Southern slaves fleeing to the North.

Question 30

What was the impact of the Fugitive Slave Act on tensions?

Answer 30

It increased tensions between abolitionists and non-abolitionists.

Question 31

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Answer 31

It divided Nebraska into two territories. ## Footnote Slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty.

Question 32

What was the significance of Bleeding Kansas?

Answer 32

Fighting broke out over anti-slavery and pro-slavery tensions. ## Footnote It was a precursor to the Civil War.

Question 33

What was the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sanford case?

Answer 33

The court ruled against Dred Scott, depriving him of his freedom. ## Footnote It stated that African Americans could not be considered citizens.

Question 34

What was John Brown's goal during the raid at Harpers Ferry?

Answer 34

To arm the southern black population and incite an uprising. ## Footnote He believed it could lead to the dismantling of the South.

Question 35

What was Lincoln's position in the Election of 1860?

Answer 35

He did not want to spread slavery and won without any electoral votes from the South. ## Footnote His election led to the secession of Southern states.

Question 36

What did the formation of the Confederate States of America signify?

Answer 36

Southern states seceded from the Union. ## Footnote Lincoln's goal was to preserve the Union.

Question 37

What were the Southern advantages in the Civil War?

Answer 37

1. Fighting a defensive war 2. Better generals (Lee & Jackson)

Question 38

What were the Northern advantages in the Civil War?

Answer 38

1. Larger population 2. Robust navy 3. Economic strength (banking, railroads, manufacturing) 4. Well-established central government.

Question 39

What was the Anaconda Plan?

Answer 39

A Union strategy that involved a blockade with the navy surrounding the sea ports and controlling the Mississippi River.

Question 40

What did the Confederacy rely on for support?

Answer 40

Help from foreign nations, particularly Britain, which relied on cotton from the South, referred to as 'King Cotton'.

Question 41

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer 41

Issued in 1862, it enlarged the war's purpose from saving the Union to ending slavery, declaring all enslaved people in Confederate states to be free. ## Footnote It empowered enslaved Black people to flee to Union states.

Question 42

What was the significance of the Battle of Vicksburg?

Answer 42

It granted Union control over the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in half.

Question 43

Who was General Ulysses S. Grant?

Answer 43

A Union general who pressed the Confederates hard and was instrumental in the victory at Vicksburg.

Question 44

What did General Sherman do during the Civil War?

Answer 44

He burned Georgia as part of his military campaign.

Question 45

When did the Civil War end?

Answer 45

In 1865.

Question 46

What are the requirements for states to be let into the Union during Reconstruction?

Answer 46

At least 10% of the state's population must swear an oath of allegiance to the Union and Constitution.

Question 47

What did the Radical Republicans do in response to Andrew Johnson's veto?

Answer 47

They passed the Reconstruction Acts, which divided the South into 5 zones and increased requirements for states rejoining the Union.

Question 48

What is the significance of the 14th Amendment in Reconstruction?

Answer 48

It was required for states rejoining the Union.

Question 49

What was the Tenure of Office Act?

Answer 49

It stated that the president cannot remove a member of his cabinet without congressional approval.

Question 50

What does the 15th Amendment protect?

Answer 50

It protects the voting rights of former slaves.

Question 51

What is sharecropping?

Answer 51

A system where people remain indebted to landowners.

Question 52

What is the KKK?

Answer 52

A group that hated Black Americans, immigrants, and Catholics.

Question 53

What were Black Codes?

Answer 53

Laws in the South that prevented Black Americans from buying property and pursuing certain professions.

Question 54

What was the Compromise of 1877?

Answer 54

An agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election and ended Reconstruction.