Importance of functions of organelles

Question 1

what are 5 points you can make for importance of functions of organelles?

Answer 1

1. ribosomes - protein synthesis
2. mitochondria - respiration
3. chloroplasts - photosynthesis
4. lysosomes - immunity
5. golgi/SER - lipid absorption

Question 2

what is the AO1 for ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 2

• ribosomes - made up of two subunits (contains RNA and protein)
• protein synthesis
• describe translation

Question 3

what is the AO2 for importance of protein synthesis using ribosomes?

Answer 3

• important in producing enzymes
• enzymes have a tertiary structure with specifc active site and are biological catalysts
• enzymes such as DNA helicase and DNA polymerase essential for semi conservative replication of DNA

Question 4

what is the AO1 for the importance of mitochondria in repsiration?

Answer 4

• mitochondira - aerobic respiration
• explain process of oxidative phosphorylation in cristae of mitochondria
• produces ATP

Question 5

what is the AO2 for the importance of mitochondria in respiration?

Answer 5

• ATP is essential in muscle contraction
  explain how ATP is used in muscle contraction
• link to contraction of internal and external intercoastal muscles and diaphragm to allow breathing
• otherwise would die from asphyxiation

Question 6

what is the AO1 for importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Answer 6

• allow photosynthesis to occur
• describe LDR in thylakoid
• produces ATP and NADPH

Question 7

what is the AO2 for importance of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

Answer 7

• products used for LIR to produce glucose, cellulose and lipids
• glucose used to form sucrose
• sucrose used in mass flow hypothesis to trasnport assimilates from source to sink

Question 8

what is the AO1 for importance of lysosomes to organisms?

Answer 8

• explain phagocytosis and how phagosome binds with lysosome to form phagolysosome
• powerful digestive enzymes called lysozymes hydrolyse pathogens
• allows antigen prestentation

Question 9

what is the AO2 for importance of lysosomes in organisms?

Answer 9

• antigen presentation important in activated T cells
• activated helpter T cells stimulate B cells
• B cells divide into many clones
  differentiate into plasma B cells which produce antibodies
• also produce memory B cells which circulate the blood and provide immunity

Question 10

what is the AO1 for importance of organelles for lipid digestion?

Answer 10

• monoglycerides and fatty acids are resynthesised into triglycerides in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• associate with cholesterol and glycolipids to form chylomicros in the golgi apparatus
• secretory vesicle allows exocytosis of chlomicrons into lacteals into the blood

Question 12

what is the AO2 for importance of organelles in lipid absorption?

Answer 12

• lipid absorption essentail in the creation of phospholipid bilayers in cell membranes
• cholesterol is a lipid that controls fluidity and stability of plasma membranes