Important

Question 1

Archon Basileus

Answer 1

An archon who was responsible for laws regarding religion, homicide, and acts of deliberate wounding.

Question 2

Archon Eponymous

Answer 2

An archon who controlled property and family matters (e.g. inheritance), and particular religious festivals. Athenians organized their years by the names of the Eponymous Archon

Question 3

Atimia

Answer 3

(=disenfranchisement): A way to discourage sycophancy by punishing a sycophant through atimia. The sycophant’s goods would be confiscated and a third of the proceeds would be paid to his accuser

Question 4

Boule

Answer 4

A citizen council compromising of 500 members that determined the agenda for the Ekklesia (assembly), and performed other miscellaneous duties.

Question 5

Dikastai/dikastes

Answer 5

Jurors

Question 6

Dike

Answer 6

In Classical mythology, Dike is the virgin daughter of Zeus. In early Greek literature, authors use “dike” to refer to an orderly means of dispute resolution. Homer and Hesiod use “dike” to refer to “law,” “judgement,” or “justice.” In legal procedures, “dike” refers to a law case or lawsuit. A private case was called dike idia and public case dike demosia, however, “dike” eventually evolved to mean private case. Dike (private cases) referred to cases concerning matters that were related to an individual rather than the whole community. In dike cases, only the wronged individual could act as the plaintiff/prosecutor.

Question 7

Ekklesia

Answer 7

Assembly of all Athenian citizens (men over 18)

Question 8

Graphe

Answer 8

A public case/action; the procedure by which a volunteer prosecutor could bring about a suit on behalf of a third party or regarding matters that affected the community at large

Question 9

Heliaia

Answer 9

The term used when the Ekklesia convened for a judicial purpose.

Question 10

Kyrios

Answer 10

An adult male who was legally responsible for a woman (her husband) or child (its father) and could bring a cause of action before the thesmothetai for graphe moicheias or dike biaien before the Forty

Question 11

Lex

Answer 11

The Latin term for law or statute

Question 12

Logographoi

Answer 12

Speech writers who constructed written arguments for litigants.

Question 13

Martyria

Answer 13

A testimony

Question 14

Nomos/Nomoi

Answer 14

Greek term for law/laws. Nomos initially meant “custom” but eventually evolved to mean “statute” or “written law”.

Question 15

Nomothetai

Answer 15

“law givers” or “legislators” who had to approved every law after the Ekklesia (assembly) voted on it

Question 16

Paragraphe

Answer 16

A procedural challenge; “prosecution in opposition”, “counter prosecution”; a technical legal mechanism employed by defendants

Question 17

Polis

Answer 17

city, city-state, state. A Greek polis is more than just the physical place of a city; it designates the community of citizens who live there.

Question 18

Prosklesis

Answer 18

a summons or “call to court”; the summons had to alert the defendant to three facts: 1. Date on which the defendant was to appear; 2. the magistrate(s) before whom the defendant was to appear; 3. The alleged wrong for which the defendant was to appear

Question 19

Psephisma/psephismata

Answer 19

Statutes that were approved by the Boule. Apsephismatypically begins with a prescript that identifies the year of enactment and the procedure used to bring about enactment, followed by the prohibited conduct and prescribed punishment.

Question 20

Strategoi

Answer 20

A board of generals who had jurisdiction in military affairs

Question 21

The Eleven

Answer 21

Dealt with suits involving kakourgoi and cases that required the defendant to be incarcerated while awaiting trial

Question 22

The Forty

Answer 22

Judges who heard majority of the private cases brought by means of a dike (except under the jurisdiction of the Archon, Thesmothetai, or some other specialized court)

Question 23

Thesmothetai

Answer 23

In charge of many types of cases (some graphe and some dike cases). Archon and judicial official

Question 24

Trauma ek pronoias

Answer 24

“wounding with the intent” to kill; battery; battery with a weapon

Question 25

Apagoge, ephegesis, endeixis, apographe, eisangelia, probole, dokimasia, euthynai

Answer 25

Types of public cases that volunteer prosecutors could bring, often called “summary procedures.”

Question 26

Apagoge

Answer 26

The prosecutor arrests the defendant and brings him to the appropriate magistrate

Question 27

Ephegesis

Answer 27

The prosecutor goes to get the appropriate magistrate and brings him to the defendant

Question 28

Endeixis

Answer 28

The prosecutor goes to the magistrate and receives permission to arrest the defendant himself

Question 29

Apographe

Answer 29

The prosecutor writes a list of state property wrongfully held by the defendant

Question 30

Eisangelia

Answer 30

The prosecutor denounces the defendant before the Ekklesia, Boule, or Atchon, which can then decide to try the case immediately

Question 31

Probole

Answer 31

The prosecutor denounces the defendant before the Ekklesia, which decides whether to refer the case to a jury

Question 32

Dokimasia

Answer 32

An examination of candidates for office by the Thesmothetai

Question 33

Euthynai

Answer 33

A review of performance in public office by a special board of 10, appointed by the Boule

Question 34

Prytaneis

Answer 34

Executives of the Boule (presidents). There are 50 of them and they serve for 1/10 of the year.

Question 35

Epistates

Answer 35

Chairman of the prytaneis