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Important Applications of Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • Colorless and odorless liquid
  • Used as a solvent
  • Toxic, can cause blindness and
    death if ingested
  • Can be used as a fuel
A

Methanol

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2
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • An odorless and colorless liquid
  • Widely used as a solvent
  • The alcohol in alcoholic
    beverages
  • Derived from the fermentation
    of carbohydrates
  • Beverage produced varies with
    the starting material and the
    fermentation process
A

Ethanol

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3
Q

Ethanol is derived from _____

A

Fermentation of carbohydrates

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4
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • Colorless, but has a slight odor
  • Commonly called rubbing alcohol
  • Toxic when ingested
    Used as a:
  • Disinfectant
  • Astringent
  • Industrial solvent
A

2-propanol (Isopropyl alcohol)

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5
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • Used as automobile antifreeze
  • Has a sweet taste, but is
    extremely poisonous
  • Added to water
  • Lowers the freezing point
  • Raises the boiling point
A

1,2-ethanediol

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6
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • Very viscous, thick
  • Has a sweet taste
  • Non-toxic
  • Highly water soluble
A

1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol)

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7
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

Used in:
* Cosmetics
* Pharmaceuticals
* Lubricants
* Esterification of fatty acids
* Obtained as a by-product of fat hydrolysis

A

1,2,3-propanetriol

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8
Q
  • Components of flavorings and
    fragrances

Widely used in healthcare as:
* Germicides
* Antiseptics
* Disinfectants

A

Phenol

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9
Q

Often used as anesthetics

A

Ethers

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10
Q

Accumulate in the lipid material of nerve cells interfering with nerve impulse of transmission

A

Ethers

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11
Q

What kind of ethers are used today as general
anesthetics because it’s less flammable and safer to store and to work with?

A

Halogenated ethers

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12
Q

Chemically, they are inert; do not normally react with reducing agents or bases

A

Ethers

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13
Q

states that in an elimination reaction the alkene with the
greatest number of alkyl groups on the double-bonded carbon is the
major product of the reaction

A

Zaitsev’s rule

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14
Q

True or false; Ethers are extremely volatile and highly flammable

A

True

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15
Q

True or false; Thiols have nice aroma

A

False (They have nauseating aroma)

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16
Q

The thiol-disulfide redox
pair controls a critical
factor in protein
structure called

A

Disulfide bridge

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17
Q

What can undergo oxidation to form cystine

A

Cysteine molecules

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18
Q

Have sharp, sour taste and unpleasant aromas

A

Carboxylic acid (lower molar mass)

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19
Q

commonly used as antibacterial and antifungal
preservatives and as flavoring agents in food, cosmetics, hygiene, and
pharmaceutical products.

A

Benzoic acid derivatives

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20
Q

What are citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid?

A

Carboxylic acid derivatives

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21
Q

found in citrus fruits

A

Citric acid

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22
Q

Bacteria in mild produce this as a product of the
fermentation of sugars

A

Lactic acid

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23
Q

used in baking
powder because it will react with
carbonates in the dough

A

Tartaric acid

24
Q

gives a sour taste to
green apples

A

Malic acid

25
long-chain carboxylic acids found in plant and animal sources
Fatty acid
26
derivatives of carboxylic acids having the general formula: RCOCl
Acid chlorides
27
* Noxious, irritating chemicals requiring great care in handling * Slightly polar, boiling near the corresponding carbonyl’s temperature * React violently with water * Widely used in the production of pesticides, plastics, and polymers
Acid chlorides
28
Form from the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol.
Esters
29
Most have pleasant odors (fruity scents) such as raspberry, banana, pear, apple, and pineapple
Esters
30
a gas used in aqueous solutions as formalin to preserve tissue
Methanal (formaldehyde)
31
produced from ethanol in the liver causing hangover symptoms
Ethanal (acetaldehyde)
32
simplest possible ketone which is miscible with water and flammable
Propanone (acetone)
33
Found in vanilla beans
Vanillin
34
Used in mushroom flavoring
2-octanone
35
found in almonds; causes smell
Benzaldehyde
36
Aldehyde found in cinnamon
Cinnamaldehyde
37
derived from ammonia (NH3), have a rotting fish smell, basic in nature, and small compouds of this group are miscible in water.
Amines
38
Amine that stimulate the central nervous syste
Amphetamines
39
Amines as pain relievers and anesthetics
Analgesics
40
Benzendrine and methedrine are examples of?
Amphetamines
41
Novacaine and Demerol are examples of?
Analgesics
42
Amines that shrink the membranes lining the nasal passages
Decongestants
43
Amines that are described as first chemicals used to fight infections
Sulfa drugs
44
* Cyclic compounds that have at least one N in the ring * Many are physiologically active and many are critical in biochemistry
Heterocyclic amines
45
naturally occurring compounds with one or more nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rin
Alkaloids
46
Cocaine, morphine, nicotine, quinine, heroine, and LSD are examples of?
Alkaloids
47
A protein is a polymer of amino acids linked by the __________
Amide bonds
48
Oxytocin and vasopressin are examples of?
Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland EYYYY (kung 'di mo alam 'to mag-aral ka an huy kimmy) Examples of amides 'yan teh
49
Tylenol, Paracetamol, Panadol used as an aspirin substitute. It acts to reduce fever and pain.
Acetaminophen
50
depressant drugs used to induce sleep, release tension, and treat seizure disorder and severe trauma in the skull.
Barbiturates
51
Acetaminophen and barbiturates are examples of
Amides
52
a coenzyme commonly involved in biological oxidation/reduction reactions
NAD+
53
catalyze by the liver enzymes result to different physiological effects on the body
Oxidation of alcohols
54
causes coagulation of proteins in the cell.
Formaldehyde
55
Acetaldehyde is oxidized to ______, a normal constituent of a cell
Acetic acid

Chem Finals (5 decks)

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