Important Bacteria Flashcards by Jeff Lattman

S. aureus:
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

staphylococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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Coag-negative staph
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

staphylococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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S. pneumoniae
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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Group B Strept
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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Viridans Strept
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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E. faecalis
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

enterococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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E. faecium
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

enterococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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E. coli
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

aerobic gram negative rod

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K. pneumoniae
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

aerobic gram negative rod

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Serratia, Enterobacter
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

aerobic gram negative rod

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H. influenzae
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

aerobic gram negative rod

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P. aeruginosa
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

aerobic gram negative rod

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M. catarrhalis
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

aerobic gram negative cocci

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N. gonorrhoeae
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

aerobic gram negative cocci

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N. meningitidis
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

aerobic gram negative cocci

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Legionella sp
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?

Atypical aerobe

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae

bacteria class?

Atypical aerobe

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Chlamydia pneumoniae

bacteria class?

Atypical aerobe

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Bacteroides fragilis

bacteria class?

True anaerobe

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Clostridium difficile
bacteria class?
what does it cause?

True anaerobe

diarrhea

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Prevotella

bacteria class?

Oral anaerobe

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Peptostreptococcus

bacteria class?

Oral anaerobe

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Enterococcus

gram positive or negative?

gram positive

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MRSA

gram positive or negative?

gram positive

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MSSA | gram positive or negative?

gram positive

pseudomonas | gram positive or negative?

gram negative

what does MRSA stand for?

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

MRSA is resistant to...?

methicillin, penicillin, cephalosporin

what's the drug of choice to treat MRSA?

vancomycin

what does MSSA stand for?

methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus

what drug class is contraindicated with penicillins and cephalosporins?

MOAs

Penicillin is effective at treating what infections?

gram positive - streptococci oral anaerobe N. meningitidis syphilis

Ampicillin and amoxicillin are effective at treating what infections?

respiratory infections gram positive - strep, enterococci some gram negative oral anaerobes

what are the two penicillinase-resistant penicillins called?

dicloxacillin and nafcillin

dicloxacillin and nafcillin are effective at treating what infections?

strep MSSA (main use) oral anaerobes

what are the two extended-spectrum penicillins? | they would be considered ___ spectrum

piperacillin and ticarcillin | broad

piperacillin and ticarcillin are effective at treating what infections?

strep, staph, enterococci excellent for gram negative including p. aeruginosa anaerobes

what bacteria do cephalosporins never treat?

enterococcus

cefazolin and cephalexin are effective at treating what infections?

``` skin infections strep MSSA E. coli Kleb oral anaerobes ```

cefuroxime, cefotetan, and cefoxitin are effective at treating what infections? which bacteria is treated by cefoxitin and cefotetan but not cefuroxime?

Strep MSSA oral anaerobes B. fragilis

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime are effective at treating what infections? ceftazidime in specific treats what infection?

strep MSSA oral anaerobes P. aeruginosa

Cetfolozane/tazobactam is used to treat?

pseudomonas

ceftazidime/avibactam is used to treat?

pseudomonas

cefepime is used to treat what infections?

``` hospital infections strep MSSA p. aeuginosa oral anaerobes ```

ceftaroline is used to treat what infections?

MRSA strep pneumoniae

what is the difference in spectrum between the different generations of cephalosporins?

little difference in spectrum

what drug class is contraindicated with carbapenem/monobactams?

MOAs

imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem are effective at treating what infections?

strep MSSA p. aerug. anaerobes

what is imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem spectrum?

broad spectrum

what drug class is aztreonam

monobactam

aztreonam is used to treat what infections?

p. aerug H. flu Kleb E. coli

what drug class is contraindicated with aminoglycosides/fluoroquinolones/macrolides?

MOAs

what drug class are gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin?

aminoglycosides

gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin are effective at treating what infections?

``` gram negatives (mainly p. aerug) used in combo with other antibiotics for gram positive ```

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin are what drug class?

fluoroquinolones

what infection do levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and delafloxacin all treat except for cipro? cipro is a poor antibiotic at treating what?

strep | MSSA

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin are effective at treating what infections?

most gram positive and negative MSSA p. aerug. atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)

fluoroquinolones should mainly be used to treat?

UTIs

fluoroquinolones should not be used for what population group?

children/pregnancy

erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are what drug class?

macrolides

macrolides are effective at treating?

respiratory infections

erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are effective at treating what infections?

gram positive - strep, maybe MSSA gram neg - only H. flu oral anaerobes atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)

Metronidazole is used for what infections?

only anaerobic infections (oral anaerobes, B. fragilis)

Clindamycin is used for what infections?

``` gram pos - strep, MSSA anaerobic infections (oral anaerobes, B. fragilis) ```

you should not consume what when taking metronidazole?

alcohol

vancomycin is used for what infections?

MRSA, strep, staph, maybe entero | gram positive oral anaerobes

linezolid is used for what infections? | it's the drug of choice for?

strept, staph, entero | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

daptomycin is used for what infections?

strep, staph, entero

dalbavacin is used for what infections?

only MRSA

oritavancin is used for what infections?

only MRSA

tedizolid is used for what infections?

only MRSA

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is used for what infections?

strep, MSSA Enterobacteriaceae oral anaerobes e. coli causing UTI

tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are effective for what infections?

``` respiratory infections strep, MSSA H. flu oral anaerobes atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae) ```

tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are considered ____ spectrum

broad

tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are effective for what infections?

MRSA, VRE entero, acinetobacter true anaerobes atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)

tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are considered ____ spectrum

broad

name all the drugs that cover pseudomonas

``` aminoglycosides cipro, levo ceftazidime, cefepime, ceftrozane/tazobactam piperacillin, ticarcillin aztreonam imipenem, meropenem, doripenem ```

name all the drugs that cover MRSA

``` vancomycin linezolid, tedizolid daptomycin ceftaroline dalbavancin, oritavancin tigecycline, omadacycline, eravacycline delafloxacin ```

name all the drugs that cover true anaerobes

``` metronidazole carbapenems moxifloxacin clindamycin cefoxitin/cefotetan ```

Important Bacteria Flashcards

(79 cards)