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Important bacteria grouping Flashcards

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1
Q

does not have a cell wall

A

Mollicutes (Mycoplasma)

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2
Q

has two circular chromosomes

A

Leptospira

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3
Q

bacteria that are facultative intracellular bacteria

can survive extracellular or intracellular

A

Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus

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4
Q

Nausea, vomiting, fever> shock

A

Staphylococcus, streptococcus

enterotoxins

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5
Q

enterotoxin(superantigens)

A

Staphylococcus

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6
Q

Nosocomial infections are

A

Hospital acquired infections

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7
Q

Nosocomial infections:

A

Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile

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8
Q

Obligate intracellular pathogen:

A

They need a cell to replicate.

Eg. Rickettsia

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9
Q

Facultative intracellular pathogen: They can survive in extracellular and
intracellular locations.

A

Mycobacterium

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10
Q

Group Enterobacteriaceae

A

Present in water, soil environment

and the GI tract of humans and animals.

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11
Q

Coliform bacteria

A

E.coli gram negitive

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12
Q

is performed to evaluate

fecal contamination in drinking water

A

Coliform enumeration

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13
Q

2 membranes

A

Gram negitive

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14
Q

1 membranes

A

gram positive

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15
Q

Lipoteichoic acid (for antigenicity)

A

Gram positive

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16
Q

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, virulence factor)

A

Gram Negative outer membrane

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17
Q

Mycolic acid (virulence factor)

A

Mycobacteria

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18
Q

Gram Negative stain color

A

pink

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19
Q

Gram positive stain color

A

purple bc of their thick peptidoglycan cell wall.

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20
Q

Teichoic acid on their

cell walls

A

Gram Positive

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21
Q

All bacteria contains

Study These Flashcards
A

peptidoglycan

22
Q

Lipid A component (endotoxin) of LPS can activate
immune system and exert harmful effects on the
host. Polysaccharide component contributes to
antigenicity

Study These Flashcards
A

Lipid A component (endotoxin) of LPS can activate
immune system and exert harmful effects on the
host. Polysaccharide component contributes to
antigenicity

23
Q

Acid Fast staining is due to presence of

Study These Flashcards
A

mycolic

acid.

24
Q

AcidFast positive bacteria have Gram positive

cell wall.

Study These Flashcards
A

AcidFast positive bacteria have Gram positive

cell wall.

25
Pili / fimbriae
on surface •Facilitate adherence to the host tissue through specific receptors. •Contribute to antigenicity. ecoli have
26
Capsule
Thick polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall - It is used for: - Sticking cell together. - As a food reserve. - As protection against desiccation and chemicals. - Helps bacteria to evade phagocytosis
27
is Mycolic acid a virulence factor
true
28
components of and LPS what do they do
1. Lipid A component (endotoxin) can activate immune system and exert harmful effects on the host 2.Polysaccharide component contributes to antigenicity
29
Endotoxin vs Exotoxins
Endotoxin: part of cell wall (lipopolysacride) and released when gram neg bacteria die heat stable low antigenicy Exotoxins: protein released from cell heat liable high antigenicy
30
infection
is the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microbes in an individual or population.
31
Endotoxin vs Exotoxins action
Exotoxins:exert action of specific target cells (Neurotoxins, Leukotoxins , Enterotoxins.) endotoxin:They can induce inflammation by stimulating the immune system
32
Endotoxin vs Exotoxins action
Exotoxins:exert action of specific target cells (Neurotoxins, Leukotoxins , Enterotoxins.) endotoxin:They can induce inflammation by stimulating the immune system
33
some virulence factors Endotoxin vs Exotoxins
Superantigens
34
Superantigens
• Produced by pathogenic microbes (including viruses, mycoplasma, and bacteria). • Indiscriminate binding to MHC class II molecule on the antigen presenting cells and T helper cell receptor. • Result in polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release. • Nausea, vomiting, fever> shock, (Staphylococcus, streptococcus enterotoxins).
35
Processes used for transfer of virulence factors
Conjugation (direct contact between bacteria) is the process by which one bacterium( bacterium with a fertility factor) transfers genetic material to another through direct contact. Transformation (uptake of genetic info form environment) is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane(s) Transduction (virus) is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus. • Lysogenic conversion with Bacteriophages can result inbacteria with virulence factors, such as toxins or capsules • Lytic=bacteria simply bust expelling viral dna
36
Transformation
uptake of random genetic info from environment
37
Transduction
virus Lysogenic conversion with Bacteriophages can result inbacteria with virulence factors, such as toxins or capsules • Lytic=bacteria simply bust expelling viral dna
38
What is the difference between an obligate intracellular bacteria and facultative intracellular bacteria? (And examples)
obligate intracellular bacteria: they need a host cell to replicate). (Rickettsia, Chlamydia) facultative intracellular bacteria: can survive extracellular or intracellular (Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus)
39
obligate intracellular and facultative intracellular bacteria examples
obligate=Rickettsia, Chlamydia | facultative intracellular bacteria: Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus
40
How do you culture Bacteria
Liquid (Broth)Media Eg. Nutrient broth, peptone broth, thioglycolate broth. Solid (Agar) media Eg. Trypticase soy agar with Blood * Selective media * PEA agar - Gram Positive selective media * MacConkey agar- Gram negative selective media * Hektoen Enteric Agar for Salmonella
41
What is antibody titer
``` Seroconversion: Antibody development after exposure to a pathogen or an antigen. Antibody Titer: Measurement of antibody level (quantity). Expressed as the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum that positively reacts in a specific test. Higher the antibody response higher the titer. eg. a titer of 1280 in a test means that the serum sample remains positive when diluted 1:1280. ``` Higher the number for example 1/1280 more antibodies
42
β lactam antibiotics
β lactam antibiotics Eg: Penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins, Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis. Also bind and inhibit a group of proteins called penicillin binding proteins (involved in peptidoglycan synthesis).
43
Natural (true antibiotics): produced by bacteria or | fungus examples
(Streptomycin, penicillin, tetracycline).
44
Streptomycin and tetracycline:
Inhibit 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.
45
Classification of antimicrobials
• Chemical structure • Mode of action Bactericidal-kills bacteria Bacteriostatic-inhibits bacteria • Type of antimicrobial activity • Broad spectrum antibacterials are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms ( tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins). • Narrow spectrum antibacterials have limited activity and are primarily only useful against particular species of microorganisms(Gram positive or Gram negative). • Spectrum of antimicrobial activity
46
Penicillin(β lactam antibiotics)
Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis
47
What is the difference between aerobic, anaerobic, Facultative anaerobic and capnophilicbacteria?
• Oxygen required for growth (aerobic, microaerophilic, capnophilic) • •Oxygen not required or utilized for growth (obligate anaerobe, aerotolerant anaerobe) • •Oxygen not required but can be utilized for growth (facultative anaerobe)
48
Oxygen not required or utilized for growth
anaerobe
49
Oxygen not required but can be utilized for growth
facultative anaerobe
50
Capnophilic bacteria
require oxygen and CO2

bacteria (3 decks)

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