Important concepts Flashcards
Types of stigma
Public: biases and acts of discrimination by general population
Self-stigma: internalization of mental health label
Label avoidance: inability to receive proper care to avoid diagnosis
Structural: absence of appropriate services
Stigma definition
An attribute that is deeply discrediting and that reduces individuals from a whole and usual person to a tainted, discounted one. Stigmatization is the process by which people who are socially different become labeled: this triggers discrimination, loss of SES, and diminished life chances
Tenants of person-centered care
- Needs of the patient come first
- Nothing about me without me
- Every patient is the only patient.
The experience of transparency, individualization, recognition, respect, dignity, and choice in all matters.
Shared decision making
Interactive and collaborative process between individuals and their health care practitioners about decisions pertinent to the individuals treatment, services and recovery
- Make personal contact
Seeking to reach out and connect with clients early in the treatment process
- Develop a working alliance
Extend understanding, warmth, respect. Use empathetic listening to build trust and show support.
- Explain counseling to the client
Preparing clients for the process, addressing concerns or misconceptions, setting expectations
- Pace and lead the client
How much direction the counselor exerts with the client. Pacing lets the client know the counselor is listening and understanding: reflection of feeling and restatement of content
- Speak briefly
Use “minimal encouragers”. Keep summaries, questions, insights succinct
- When you don’t know what to say, say nothing
Important types of silence: emotional processing, expressive, reflective.
- You may confront as much as you have supported
Pointing out discrepancies between the clients goals and their actions. Must est. a strong bond first.
- If you want to change something, process it
What is being felt, how is that being communicated? Comments on the “process” of counseling rather than the content
- Individualize your counseling
Alter language, posture, approach, techniques, and modalities to fit the clients needs
- Notice resistance and avoidance
Resistance: attempt to preserve psychological safety. Needs to be respected, understood, and explored.
Avoidance: try not to experience or perform a feeling, thought, or behavior
- When in doubt, focus on feelings
Help clients notice feelings, elaborate upon them, describe them,
- Plan for termination at the beginning of counseling
Factor into the goal setting process. Establish an end point to work towards.
- Arrange the physical setting appropriately
Dress appropriately, attend to physical space, make the space inviting, quiet, avoid interruptions/distractions, be prompt, have tissues available, maintain confidentiality
What are the essential characteristics or behaviors of the therapist that lead to constructive behavioral change in the client?
Genuineness
Non-possessive warmth
Accurate empathy
Non-possessive warmth
Nonjudgmental acceptance of the client.
High – warmly accepting client’s experiences as part of that person w/o imposing conditions.
Low – evaluating a client or his feelings, expressing dislike or disapproval, or expressing warmth in a selective and evaluative way
Genuineness
Openness to experience; ability to be “real” with clients
Accurate empathy
sensitivity to current feelings & verbal ability to communicate understanding in a language attuned to client’s current feelings
Functions of empathy
Builds the relationship Stimulates self-exploration Checks understanding Provides support Facilitates communication Focuses attention Restrains the helper Paves the way
Suicide/Homicide assessment
Signs of suicidal ideation Action plan Thoughts Lethality History
Crisis protocol
Take control of the situation, determine the real client (systemic assessment), emphasize strengths, mobilize social resources
