Important concepts/def Flashcards
Intifada
Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation in the W Bank and Gaza Strip, resistance to the Israeli presence
Means “shaking off”, “uprising”
Hamas
means “Islamic Resistance Movement”
seeks the establishment of an Islamic state in historic Palestine and opposes the existence of Israel
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
political and paramilitary organization established in 1964 with the goal of creating an independent state of Palestine
recognized as representative of the Palestinian people within territory and abroad
central in Palestinian resistance and diplomacy
Palestinian Islamic Jihad
militant Islamist organization founded in 80s with the goal of establishing an Islamic Palestinian state and destroying the State of Israel
shares ideological goals with Hamas
refuses to participate to peace talks or negotiations
is considered a terrorist organization by USA, Israel, EU, etc
“Dahiyeh Doctrine”
as Israeli strategy advocating for the bombing of civilian targets and population centers to shock and weaken Hamas
“dhimmi”
protected persons
designation of Jews under Islamic law in O Empire
Zionist
a political and nationalist movement that began in the late 19th century with the aim of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine
nationalism
a political ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, and allegiance to a nation or a group of people with shared cultural, historical, or ethnic identity.
It advocates for the interests and self-determination of the nation, often seeking to build or maintain a sovereign state
4 holy cities in Palestine
Hebron, Safed, Tiberias and Jerusalem
name of the Zionist settler movement
Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion)
Theodore Herzl
early Zionist
author of der Judenstaat -> envisionned the creation of a Jewish homeland
Syrian Ba’athists’ opinion on Palestinian id
Palestinian (and Lebanese) id and territory should be subsumed by Greater Syria
3 different branches of Zionism
1) Labour Zionism
2) Revisionist Zionism
3) Religious Zionism
Najib ‘Azuri
Lebanese former member of O provincial gov in Jerusalem
predicted conflict between Zionism and Arab nationalism
advocated for Palestine to be a separate province of the O Empire
imagined community
coined by political scientist Benedict Anderson, refers to the idea that a nation is a socially constructed community, imagined by the people who perceive themselves as part of that group
-> both Israelis and Palestinians envision themselves as distinct national communities with shared histories, cultures, and identities. Each group “imagines” itself as a unified nation deserving of self-determination and a homeland, fueling claims to the same land and intensifying the conflict over territory and identity.
Chaim Weizmann
the first President of Israel.
He played a crucial role in advocating for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
a Syrian-born Islamic preacher and resistance leader who became a key figure in the fight against British colonial rule and Zionist settlements in Palestine during the early 20th century.
organized and lead armed resistance against British forces and Jewish immigration in the region during the British Mandate of Palestine.
name of 2 extreme Zionist militias
the Irgun (IZL) and Stern Gang
2 Zionist institutions
The Jewish agency (Sokhnut)
The General Federation of Jewish Labour (Histadrut)
2 Palestinian institutions
The Arab Executive committee
The Arab Higher Committee
Yishuv
Jews already present before the creation of Israel
Fedayeen
loosely organized Palestinian militants from Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon
Gamad Abd-el Nasser
Egypt President
promoted secular Arab nationalism
conflict spiral
a process in which tensions and hostilities between opposing parties escalate progressively, with each side’s actions provoking stronger reactions from the other
