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Important Exam Topics Flashcards

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1
Q

Actinic keratosis
What is it?
Symptoms?
Risk factors?
Treatment?

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma, skin cancer
Symptoms: rough, scaly, tan, pink
risk factors: prolong sun exposure
Treatment: 5FU or cryotherapy

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2
Q

Sehborhic keratosis
What is it?
What does it look like?
Treatment?

A

Benign non-cancerous
What it looks like: pasted on lesions
Treatment: nothing

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3
Q

Erythema migrans
What is it? Describe

A

Lyme disease
bull’s-eye lesion

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4
Q

Erythema infectiosium
What is it?
Describe

A

Fifths disease
“Slapped cheek rash”
* “fifth” for the 5 fingers that slap a cheek

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5
Q

What are symptoms of retinal detachment?

A

Painless
Blurry vision
Flashes of light, floaters, “curtain pulled over field of vision”
Send to ED

*the curtain detached from the wall so theres flashes and floaters coming through the window.

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6
Q

What are symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

PAINFUL
Increased ICP
blurry vision
firm eye

send to ED

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7
Q

What is the virus that causes mono?

A

Epstein barr virus

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8
Q

What is the treatment for mono?

A

Symptomatic treatment only.

Symptoms may be fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever

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9
Q

How do you diagnose mono?

A

Monospot blood test to diagnose and then do an ultrasound before contact sports because the blood test can remain positive for a while

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10
Q

What is the bacteria that causes strep?

A

Group A streptococcus

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11
Q

What are symptoms of strep and how do you treat it?

A

Palatine petechiae
interior cervical lymphadenopathy
Enlarged tonsils

Treatment: amoxicillin

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12
Q

How do you diagnose strep?

A

Rapid strep test

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13
Q

If a patient has strep and mono, how do you treat it and what do you avoid?

A

Treatment: azithromycin (macrolide)
Keflex, cephelexin (cephalosporin)
or Penicillin VK

You cannot prescribe amoxicillin because it will cause a milbiliform rash.

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14
Q

What is an example of a TZD drugs?

A

Pioglitazone (Actos)

  • all the drugs in this class and in zone. Think danger zone because theres mutiple contraindications to taking them.
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15
Q

What are contraindications for the use of Pioglitazone (Actos) a TZD used for diabetes type 2 management?

A

Heart failure, liver failure, and bladder cancer.

  • these drugs cause fluid retention and can lead to peripheral edema
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16
Q

What are examples of thiazide diuretics and which one is cardioprotective?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone

chlorthalidone is cardioprotective.

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17
Q

What are the indications for use of the thiazide diuretic?

A

Used mainly for hypertension and sometimes used for heart failure to treat edema.

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18
Q

What are symptoms of scabies?

A

Hallmark features: worse at night and linear burrows
Pruritus in webs of fingers, inner thighs, or armpits

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19
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Permethrin cream all over the body ( use again one to two weeks later).
Treat the entire household.
Wash all clothes and bed linens in hot water.

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20
Q

What is enterobiasis? And how is it spread?

A

Pinworms, spread fecal oral route

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of enterobiasis?

A

Intense pruritus in perianal area

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22
Q

How do you diagnose and treat enterobiasis?

A

Diagnose: Tape test in the morning (up to 3 days if needed)
Treatment: Mebendazole
Wash all bedding and linens in hot water
Treat ENTIRE household.

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23
Q

What are some similarities with scabies and pinworms?

A

Intense pruritus (although the location differs), and you treat the entire household for both.

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24
Q

What are some similarities with the somogyi effect vs Dawn phenomenon?

Study These Flashcards
A

Both result in hyperglycemia upon awakening.

In order to diagnose, you will have the patient check their blood glucose around 2 AM for multiple nights. If it’s low then you know its somogyi effect.

25
What is the somogyi effect? Causes? Treatment?
Hypoglycemia around 2 AM then followed by hyperglycemia upon awakening. Causes: not eating enough before bed, too much insulin at night, working out too late. Treatment: eat a snack before bed, avoid vigorous nighttime activity, and lower nighttime insulin dose
26
What is Don phenomenon? causes? Treatment?
Steady rise and blood glucose throughout the night Causes: Typically increased growth hormone Treatment: increase nighttime insulin dose
27
What are the symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever? Treatment?
Fever, rash on hands and feet Treatment: doxycycline regardless of age *think “patient climbs a mountain with their hands and feet”
28
What are the symptoms for Lyme disease? Treatment?
Bullseye lesion Doxycycline, amoxicillin if pregnant Also called erythema migrans
29
What is St. John’s wart used for? What must you monitor?
Used for Depression monitor for serotonin syndrome, interacts with SSRI
30
What are symptoms of serotonin syndrome?
Confusion, headache, diarrhea, dilated pupils, sweating, tachycardia
31
What are two key findings that might be worded in a question for an ACL injury?
Automatic swelling, loud pop at time of injury
32
How do you diagnose an ACL injury?
Lachman and anterior drawer test
33
What are symptoms of a meniscus tear?
Knee is locking up pain is not immediate usually delayed swelling sometimes patient can continue working out * your meniscus helps stabilize the knee joint. Injury is usually due to twisting with weight on the knee.
34
How do you diagnose a meniscus tear?
McMurray and apley grind test *both end with Y
35
What are symptoms of chronic Venus insufficiency?
“VEINY” V: very great pulses E: edematous I: indistinct shaped wounds N: no severe pain (dull pain) Y: yucky, brown, discolored ankles
36
What is the treatment for chronic Venus insufficiency?
Compression stockings Leg elevation *remember patient will still have pulses in their feet
37
What does fidelity mean?
Faithful keeps promises Example: calling a patient when we say we are going to
38
What is veracity?
Truthfulness Being honest, clear Example: being truthful about a bad diagnosis
39
Explain presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy
Presumptive: nausea, vomiting, amenorrhea, quickening Probable: “HCG” positive pregnancy test, hegar sign ( softening of lower part of utertus), chadwick (bluish discoloration), Goodells (softening of cervix). Positive: ultrasound, fetal heart tones
40
What are the symptoms of lichen simplex chronicus? Treatment?
Skin appears leathery or rubbery Chronic itching Usually due to a topic dermatitis Treatment: topical steroids, antihistamines, moisturizer
41
What are symptoms of lichen sclerosis?
Thin white patches in genital and anal areas tearing during intercourse bleeding Most common in menopausal women Treatment: high potency topical steroid (clobetasol)
42
What are patients at a higher risk for with lichen sclerosis?
Squamous cell carcinoma
43
What conditions will you hear an S3 heart sound?
Pregnancy heart failure athletes *due to additional fluid
44
When will you hear an S4 heart sound?
Uncontrolled hypertension left ventricular hypertrophy Normal finding in older adults
45
Closing of the semi lunar valves (aortic, and pulmonic) is which heart sound?
S2
46
What is the alternate name for enteriobiasis?
Pinworms
47
What is the alternate name for stye?
Hordelum
48
What is the alternate name for measles?
Rubeola
49
What is the alternate name for otitis media?
Swimmers ear
50
What is the alternate name for temporal artertits?
Giant cell arteritis
51
When assessing a patient who is down syndrome to be cleared for sports what are you looking for?
Your checking for cervical spine instability specifically atlantoaxial instability.
52
Where are herbeden nodes found?
DIP
53
Where are bouchard nodes found?
PIP
54
A fib patients are at a higher risk of what kind of stroke?
Ischemic *because a fib causes blood clots
55
What is an ischemic stroke?
Most common type of stroke. Where a blood clot develops in the brain and limits blood flow.
56
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
Where a blood clot burst. Hypertension patients are at a high risk because the pressure
57
What does basal cell carcinoma look like?
Raised shiny waxy pearly Tetanglictasis (visible blood vessels) *most common form of skin cancer
58
What does squamous cell carcinoma look like?
Ulcerated and bleeds easily *s for scab
59
Actinic keratosis is a precursor to which kind of skin cancer?
Squamous cell

Important Exam Topics (2 decks)

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