Important Figures

Question 1

John Locke

Answer 1

Works: The second treatise

Question 2

John Rolfe

Answer 2

Saved the colonies with the cultivation of tobacco in the colony of Virginia.

Question 3

John Adams

Answer 3

The Atlas of Independence.

Advocate of the separation of powers and of checks and balances to protect agains the power of absolute government.

Question 4

George Washington

Answer 4

The founding would have been impossible without Washington’s virtue and the virtue he inspired in others.
Emphasized the importance of self-interest as a motivating force.
Turned down the kingdom.
Optimistic about the future of America.
Consistently supported the document at the convention.

Question 5

David Hume

Answer 5

Argued that man is “self-regarding”.

Question 6

John Winthrop

Answer 6

Known for views on human nature.
“because you elected me, you now need to listen to me”.
People should be made to do only that which is deemed right by the authorities in power.

Question 7

John Smith

Answer 7

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Question 8

John Calvin

Answer 8

Preached to the puritans that God chose in advance who would be damned.

Question 9

1) Charles the I

Answer 9

Worked for years to establish absolute rule.

English Civil War, was beheaded outside his palace.

Question 10

2) Oliver Cromwell

Answer 10

Ruled a “commonwealth” of English Scotland and Ireland.

Question 11

3) Charles II

Answer 11

Restored to his father’s throne.

They could not get along without a king.

Question 12

4) James the II

Answer 12

Favored religious liberty for Catholics.
“declaration of indulgence”
Required public officials to declare themselves against Catholic doctrine.

Question 13

The Whigs

Answer 13

Organized opposition to Charles II and James II.

Question 14

Tories

Answer 14

Individuals drawn to the centers of power.

Loyal to Britain and the King.

Question 15

Jefferson Smith

Answer 15

Refused to yield.

Self interested or virtuous?

Question 16

Edmund Burke

Answer 16

Not interested in doing what the people want.

Self interested or virtuous?

Question 17

Toussaint Louverture

Answer 17

Great revolutionary.

Wanted an economically restricted and authoritarian society with him at the center.

Question 18

Jean Jacques Dessalines

Answer 18

Louverture’s successor.
Ruthless.
No institutions created.

Question 19

John Hancock

Answer 19

Agreed to support ratification of the constitution despite some of his reservations.

Question 20

Adam Smith

Answer 20

Opposed mercantilists.

Like John Locke, he places the rights of the people above the rulers.

Question 21

James Madison

Answer 21

Father of the constitution.
Authored the Virginia Plan.
Instrumental in achieving ratification.
Wrote the federalist papers.
Changed his mind about the bill of rights and made a deal with Mason.

Question 22

Robert Dahl

Answer 22

Points out the flaws in the constitution.

Question 23

Russ Roberts

Answer 23

Wrote “how democratic is the American constitution?”

“marvel that the massive coordination and cooperation problem gets solved every day without anyone being in charge.”

Question 24

Matthew Ridley

Answer 24

Wrote “when ideas have sex”
The rate of innovation is accelerated when everyone’s ideas “meet and mate”.
Connections lead to advances in technology and the standard of living.

Question 25

Samuel Adams

Answer 25

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Question 26

Thomas Paine

Answer 26

Wrote "common sense" Successful piece of propaganda. The revolution needs to be in the minds and hearts of the people.

Question 27

Pauline Maier

Answer 27

The Declaration of Independence was designed for domestic consumption. At firs the people disregarded it!

Question 28

William Paterson

Answer 28

Advocated the rights of small states. | Authored the New Jersey Plan.

Question 29

James Wilson

Answer 29

Advocated a strong, independently elected executive.

Question 30

Roger Sherman

Answer 30

Self-taught lawyer who helped draft the Declaration of Independence. Proposed the great compromise.

Question 31

Gouverneur Morris

Answer 31

Drafted the constitution.

Question 32

George Mason

Answer 32

Authored the Virginia Declaration of Rights. | Did not sign the constitution because it lacked a bill of rights.

Question 33

John Rutledge

Answer 33

Strongly defended slavery at the convention. | From South Carolina.

Question 34

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 34

Represented Pennsylvania at the convention. | Endorsed the constitution and backed it with his prestige.

Question 35

Abigail Adams

Answer 35

John Adam's wife, sometimes considered to have been a founder of the US. Said that the women will not hold themselves bound by any laws where they have no voice or representation. "be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors."

Question 36

Anti-federalists

Answer 36

Proposed a national government would be too strong and too distant. The constitution placed very little emphasis on republican virtue: it was all about incentives and structure. The constitution lacked a bill of rights.

Question 37

Federalists

Answer 37

Responded to the anti-federalists agreeing to pass a bill of rights. Auxiliary precautions are necessary! You can't simply depend on the people's virtue. The division of sovereignty means that the government would never tyrannize the people.

Question 38

George Mason

Answer 38

Refused to sign the constitution because it didn't have a bill of rights.