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AP Human Geography > Important For Chapter 1 Test > Flashcards

Important For Chapter 1 Test Flashcards

0
Q

Global positioning system (GPS)

A

Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places.

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1
Q

Geographic information system (GIS)

A

Collection of computer hardware and software permitting spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved and displayed.

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2
Q

Globalization

A

A force their process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope. It means the world is “shrinking”.

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3
Q

Hierarchal diffusion

A

The spread of an idea from people or nodes of authority or power to other people or places. resistance to the diffusion may be illegal in some cases.

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4
Q

Vernacular or perceptual region

A

A place people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

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5
Q

Space time compression

A

The reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place. Distant places seem less remote and more accessible to us.promotes rapid change, because with better connections between places people in one region are better exposed to other regions.

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6
Q

Distance decay

A

Contact diminishes with increased distance between two groups.

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7
Q

Hearth

A

The place from which an innovation originates.

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8
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

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9
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowball process. May result from hierarchal diffusion, contagious diffusion, or stimulus diffusion.

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10
Q

Hierarchal diffusion

A

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to persons or places. Resistance may be illegal.

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11
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. This does not have to be a disease.

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12
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle even is a characteristic itself to diffuse.

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13
Q

Hierarchal diffusion is encouraged by…

A

Modern methods of communication, such as computers, and electronic-mail systems.

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14
Q

Contagious diffusion is encouraged by…

A

The use of the Internet especially the World Wide Web, also by interaction with other people if it is a disease.

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15
Q

Stimulus diffusion is encouraged by…

A

All of the new technologies.

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16
Q

Uneven development

A

The increased gap and economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery.

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17
Q

Possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

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18
Q

Projection

A

The system used to transfer locations from earths surface to a flat map.

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19
Q

Remote-sensing

A

The accusation of data about the earths surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods.

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20
Q

Resource

A

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.

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21
Q

Sequent occupance

A

The notion that success societies use their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cultural landscape.

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22
Q

Site

A

The physical character of a place.

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23
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to another place

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24
Space-time compression
The reduction in time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communication and transportation systems.
25
Toponym
The name given to a portion of earths surface.
26
Transnational Corporation
A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where it's headquarters or shareholders are located.
27
Acculturation
Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage.
28
Cartography
The science of making maps
29
Cultural diffusion
The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another overtime.
30
Cultural hearth
The region from which innovative ideas originate. This relates to the important concept of the spreading of ideas from one area to another (diffusion)...must be viewed in the concept of time.
31
Cultural landscape (built environment)
Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature.
32
Cultural trait
A single element in a normal practice in a culture.
33
Culture
The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a groups distinctive tradition.
34
Density
The frequency with which something exists with a given unit of area.
35
Diffusion
The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another overtime.
36
Distribution
The arrangement of something across earths surface.
37
Environmental determinism
19th and early 20th century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was there for the study of how physical environment caused human activities.
38
Formal region (or uniform or homogeneous region)
An area in which everyone shares and one or more distinctive characteristic
39
Functional region (or nodal region)
An area organized around a node or focal point.
40
Concentration
The spread of something over a given area.
41
Mental map
Representation of a portion of earths surface based on what an individual knows about a place containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located. Often incorrect.
42
Physiological density
The number of people per unit of area of suitable land. The lower it is the better.
43
Projection
The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.
44
Township
A 6 x 6 mile square. The land ordinance of 1785 divided much of the US into townships.
45
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area
46
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of the land suitable for agriculture.
47
Globalization of culture
As more people become aware of elements of global culture and aspire to possess them, local cultural believes, forms, and traits are threatened with extinction. Communication, for example television, also threatens cultural extinction because different kinds of businesses can target different kinds of people all over the world, for instance, people over the world may begin to wear jeans because it was advertised on TV.
48
He compared geographers' concern for space to historians' concern for time
German philosopher Immanuel Kant
49
The three main properties of distribution are...
density, concentration, and pattern
50
A large population...(in terms of density)
does not necessarily lead to a high density
51
Cultural identity explains helps explain...
Why people sort them selves out across the landscape how they do.
52
Spatial interaction
when places are connected to each other through a network .
53
For a person, object, or idea to have interaction with persons, objects, or ideas in other regions, what must occur?
Diffusion
54
Global culture are increasingly centered on North America, Western Europe, and japan. Because of what?
Large % of advanced technology
55
Cultural ecology
the geographic study of human-enviorment relationships.
56
Five themes of geography
``` Larry-location Hates-human interaction Red-region Pecan-place Muffins-movement ```
57
Complementarity
The degree to which one place can supply something that another place needs.
58
Accessibility
Is an important factor in the costs and interconnection between places because the closer supplier will represent an intervening opportunity because the transportation cost will be less.
59
Intervening opportunity
The idea that is one place has a demand for something and there are two potential suppliers, the closer supplier will represent an intervening opportunity because of transportation cost will be less.
60
Transferability
The cost involving in moving goods from one place to another
61
Tobler's first law of geography or the the friction of distance
There will be more interaction between things that are closer together then those that are further away.

AP Human Geography (4 decks)

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