Important Landmarks_EXAM1

Question 1

What are the borders of the Triangle of Auscultation?

Answer 1

1. Medial border of the scapula
2. Trapezius
3. Latissimus dorsi

Question 2

What vertebral level do vertebral arteries cross to enter foramen magnum?

Answer 2

C1 ATLAS

Question 3

What vertebral level do vertebral arteries enter transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae (70% of population anyways)

Answer 3

C6

Question 4

C7

Answer 4

Vertebra prominens

Question 5

What vertebral level is superior angle of scapula?

Answer 5

T1/T2

IV disc

Question 6

What vertebral level is at the Base of spine of scapula

Answer 6

T3

Question 7

What vertebral level is at the inferior angle of scapula

Answer 7

T7

Question 8

What vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 8

L1/L2

IV disc

Question 9

What vertebral level is the highest point of iliac crest?

Answer 9

L4

Question 10

What vertebral level is safe area for lumbar punctures?

Answer 10

L4

Question 11

What vertebral level is at Iliac Tubercles?

Answer 11

L5

Question 12

What vertebral level is at PSIS- what significance?

Answer 12

S2-
end of meningeal sac and
level of SI joint

Question 13

What vertebral level is SI joint and end of meningeal sac?

Answer 13

S2- PSIS

Question 14

Highest point of the skull

Answer 14

Vertex (crown of the head)

Question 15

Posterior aspect of the skull

Answer 15

Occiput

Question 16

What nerves can cause tension headache (which begins posteriorly and radiates toward the vertex)? Where are they located?

Answer 16

Greater occipital nerves- distinctly palpable if inflamed

1’’ infero-laterally of the INION (external occipital protuberance)

Question 17

Fracture within pars interarticularis

slippage of vertebrae respective to each other resulting from above fracture is:

Answer 17

Spondylolysis

spondylolysthesis

Question 18

Iliac Tubercle

Answer 18

Located between ASIS and Highest point of iliac crest- corresponds to the L5 vertebral level

Question 19

What vertebral level is the horizontal portion of vertebral arteries?

Answer 19

C1 of ATLAS

Question 20

What vertebral level do arteries enter transverse foramen?

Answer 20

C6

Question 21

7 Atypical characteristics of C1 ATLAS

Answer 21

1. NO body
2. NO spinous process
3. Has Lateral Masses
4. Superior articular facets articulate with occipital condyles of skull
5. Anterior arch (articulates with dens of C2)
6. Posterior arch (groove on superior border for vertebral artery)
7. Transverse foramina

Question 22

5 Atypical characteristics of C2 AXIS

Answer 22

1. Body
2. Dens (odontoid process)
3. Transverse foramen
4. Spinous process
5. Pars interarticularis (site of hangmans fracture)

Question 23

Fact about vertebra prominens

Answer 23

in 30% of population its at C6

Question 24

Processes and joints specific to cervical vertebrae

Answer 24

Uncinate process
Uncovertebral joints (of Lushka)

Question 25

How do you identify a lumbar fracture of the pars interarticularis?

Answer 25

Oblique radiograph shows a "scotty dog" | if the scotty dog has a "COLLAR" = fracture

Question 26

Articular process orientations of Cervical vertebrae? Thoracic vertebrae? of Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 26

1. Cervical- superior-inferior about 10degrees 2. thoracic- anteriorly-posteriorly 3. Lumbar- medially-laterally

Question 27

What are the horns of the sacral hiatus called?

Answer 27

Cornua

Question 28

what is the hole at the bottom of the sacrum? What are the holes lined up along the anterior and posterior surface of the sacrum? What is tunnel going down into the sacrum? What is articular surface of sacrum?

Answer 28

sacral hiatus and cornua (horns) Anterior and posterior sacral foramina sacral canal sacroiliac joints

Question 29

What is the fibrocartilage portion of intervertebral disc? What is gel portion called?

Answer 29

``` Annulus Fibrosus (fails and permits herniation) Nucleus Palposus (part that actually herniates) ```

Question 30

What ligament is punctured for spinal tap and epidural injection?

Answer 30

Ligamentum flavum

Question 31

What is the floor of the suboccipital triangle; continuous with ligamentum flavum?

Answer 31

Posterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 32

What ligament holds the dens in place on C1?

Answer 32

Transverse ligament of the atlas

Question 33

what ligament is continuous with the supraspinous ligament and is located in the cervical region only?

Answer 33

Ligamentum nuchae