Important stuff to remember

Question 1

Sodium ion test colour

Answer 1

Yellow

Question 2

Potassium flame test colour

Answer 2

Lilac

Question 3

Lithium flame test colour

Answer 3

Crimson

Question 4

Calcium flame test colour

Answer 4

Orange-red

Question 5

Copper flame test colour

Answer 5

Green

Question 6

Metal hydroxide tests

Answer 6

Add ionic compound to sodium hydroxide
Sodium displaces the metal from its compound, the metal forms hydroxide
Metal hydroxide = precipitate

Question 7

Aluminium ions

Answer 7

Sodium hydroxide test
White precipitate
Add excess = dissolves itself

Question 8

Magnesium ions

Answer 8

Sodium hydroxide tests
White precipitate
Add excess = insoluble

Question 9

Calcium ions (precipitates)

Answer 9

Sodium hydroxide
White precipitate
Add excess = insoluble

Question 10

Cu ii

Answer 10

Sodium hydroxide
Blue precipitate

Question 11

Fe ii

Answer 11

Sodium hydroxide
Green precipitate

Question 12

Fe iii

Answer 12

Brown precipitate

Question 13

Carbonate ion

Answer 13

Add Hcl
Collect gas produced and bubble through limewater
Turns cloudy = carbon dioxide = carbon was produced

Question 14

Halide ion

Answer 14

Add nitric acid HNO3
Add silver nitrate
Forms silver precipitate of halogens of different colours depending on it

Question 15

Chlorine ion

Answer 15

White

Question 16

Bromine ion

Answer 16

Cream

Question 17

Iodine ion

Answer 17

Yellow

Question 18

Sulfate ion test

Answer 18

Add dilute HCl
Add barium chloride
Forms white precipitate

Question 19

Conditions for haber process

Answer 19

450°C
200 atm
Iron catalyst

Question 20

Nitrogen in NPK fertilisers

Answer 20

Nitric acid + ammonia ——> ammonium nitrate

Question 21

Phosphorous in NPK fertilisers

Answer 21

Ammonium phosphate
Calcium phosphate + calcium sulphate
Calcium phosphate on its own

Question 22

Ammonium phosphate

Answer 22

Phosphate rock + nitric acid ——> phosphoric acid + calcium nitrate
Phosphoric acid + ammonium ——> ammonium phosphate

Question 23

Single superphosphate

Answer 23

Phosphate rock + sulfuric acid ——> calcium phosphate + calcium sulphate

Question 24

Triple superphosphate

Answer 24

Phosphate rock + phosphoric acid ——> calcium phosphate

Question 25

Alkene test

Answer 25

Add orange bromine water Shakeee Turns colourless

Question 26

Combustion of alkenes

Answer 26

Burn in air with smoky flame Produces CO2 and H2O Sometimes unburnt carbon

Question 27

Hydrogenation

Answer 27

Using hydrogen to turn alkene to its corresponding alkane

Question 28

Hydrogenation conditions

Answer 28

150°c Nickel catalyst

Question 29

Hydration

Answer 29

Reacting water vapour (steam) with an Alkene to form an alcohol

Question 30

Hydration conditions

Answer 30

300°c 70 atm Phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 31

Alkene + halogen

Answer 31

Di + halogen stem + corresponding alkane

Question 32

Catalytic cracking conditions

Answer 32

Very high temp Catalyst

Question 33

Steam cracking conditions

Answer 33

Very high temp Steam

Question 34

Fermentation to make ethanol conditions

Answer 34

Anaerobic respiration of glucose with yeast 30°c

Question 35

Alcohol + water

Answer 35

Dissolved to form neutral pH solution

Question 36

Alcohol + sodium

Answer 36

Sodium (prefix)oxide +hydrogen

Question 37

Alcohol + oxygen

Answer 37

Carboxylic acid + water

Question 38

Combusting alcohol

Answer 38

Carbon dioxide + water

Question 39

Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate

Answer 39

Metal + stem of acid + ate And CO2 and H2O Eg sodium Ethanoate

Question 40

Carboxylic acid + alcohol

Answer 40

Esters + water

Question 41

Making esters conditions

Answer 41

Sulphuric acid catalyst

Question 42

Functional group

Answer 42

The atom/ group of atoms that give a compound its specific characteristics

Question 43

Homologous series

Answer 43

A group of organic compounds with their own functional group

Question 44

Alkane functional group

Answer 44

C-C

Question 45

Alkane general formula

Answer 45

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

Question 46

Alkene general formula

Answer 46

C=C

Question 47

Alkene functional group

Answer 47

CₙH₂ₙ

Question 48

Alcohol functional group

Answer 48

-O-H

Question 49

Alcohol general formula

Answer 49

CₙH₂ₙ +1OH

Question 50

Carboxylic acid functional group

Answer 50

=O -O-H

Question 51

Carboxylic acid general formula

Answer 51

CₙH₂ₙ+ COOH

Question 52

Ester functional group

Answer 52

=O H H O-C-C-H H H

Question 53

What is glycine?

Answer 53

Amino acid molecule

Question 54

Amino acid molecules properties

Answer 54

Have 2 different functional groups Eg glycine has amine group and carboxylic acid group

Question 55

Amine group functional group

Answer 55

NH2

Question 56

What can amino acid molecules do in terms of a polymer?

Answer 56

React to form a condensation polymer Because they have 2 different functional groups

Question 57

What happens when glycine reacts together?

Answer 57

Forms a polymer of glycine with water on the outside

Question 58

Glycine how to remember

Answer 58

NH2CH2COOH

Question 59

Glycine actual displayed formula

Answer 59

H₂NCH₂COOH

Question 60

Repeating unit for poly glycine as polypeptide

Answer 60

(-HNCH₂COO-)n + nH2O

Question 61

Polypeptide

Answer 61

When 1 type of amino acid react to form a condensation polymer

Question 62

What happens when different amino acids combine in the same chain?

Answer 62

Forms a protein

Question 63

What does DNA do?

Answer 63

Encodes for genetic instructions that living organisms need to develop and function

Question 64

What does dna consists of?

Answer 64

2 polymer chains From the monomer a nucleotide

Question 65

Double helix

Answer 65

What 2 polymer chains wrap around to form

Question 66

Other polymers

Answer 66

Proteins = polymer of amino acid Starch = polymer of glucose Cellulose = polymer of glucose