Important Terms

Question 1

a motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions

Answer 1

Need to Belong

Question 2

act of excluding or ignoring someone from a group or society as a form of social control or social rejection

Answer 2

Ostracism

Question 3

a form of emotional abuse that leads people to feel deflated and stressed

Answer 3

Silent treatment

Question 4

geographical nearness or functional distance that powerfully predicts liking

Answer 4

Proximity

Question 5

tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them

Answer 5

Mere Exposure

Question 6

the tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a good match in attractiveness and other traits

Answer 6

Matching Phenomenon

Question 7

presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well what is beautiful is good

Answer 7

Physical-Attractiveness Stereotype

Question 8

whatever the people of any given place and time find attractive

Answer 8

Attractiveness

Question 9

tends to make us see those we like as being like us

Answer 9

False Consensus Bias

Question 10

popularly supposed tendency, for each to complete what is missing in the other

Answer 10

Complementary

Question 11

the use of strategies such as flattery by which people seek to gain another’s favor

Answer 11

Ingratiation

Question 12

theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events

Answer 12

Reward Theory of Attraction

Question 13

consist of three components: passion, intimacy, commitment

Answer 13

Love

Question 14

the closeness each partner feels to the other and the strength of the bond that binds them together,

Answer 14

Intimacy

Question 15

based on romantic feelings, physical attraction, and sexual intimacy with the partner

Answer 15

Passion

Question 16

represents cognitive factors such as acknowledging that one is in love and committed to maintaining the relationship

Answer 16

Commitment

Question 17

emotional, exciting and intense

Answer 17

Passionate Love

Question 18

affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined

Answer 18

Companionate Love

Question 19

powerful survival impulse, deep connection that provides security, comfort, and a sense of belonging

Answer 19

Attachment

Question 20

attachment rooted in trust and intimacy

Answer 20

Secure attachment

Question 21

attachments marked by discomfort over, or resistance to being close to others

Answer 21

Avoidant Attachment

Question 22

attachment marked by anxiety or ambivalence

Answer 22

Anxious attachment

Question 23

condition in which the outcomes people receive from a relationship are proportional to what they contribute to it

Answer 23

Equity

Question 24

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Answer 24

Self-disclosure

Question 25

tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner

Answer 25

Disclosure Reciprocity

Question 26

motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests

Answer 26

Altruism

Question 27

theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards and minimize one's costs

Answer 27

Social-exchange Theory

Question 28

helping boost to self-worth

Answer 28

Do Good/Feel Good Effect

Question 29

a self-serving motive to increase one's own welfare

Answer 29

Egoism

Question 30

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Answer 30

Reciprocity Norm

Question 31

the mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network

Answer 31

Social Capital

Question 32

an expectation that people will help those needing help

Answer 32

Social-Responsibility Norm

Question 33

use the behavior of others as a guide to interpret the situation

Answer 33

Informational Influence

Question 34

tendency to overestimate others' ability to read our internal states

Answer 34

Illusion of transparency

Question 35

a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders

Answer 35

Bystander Effect

Question 36

When multiple people witness an emergency, the responsibility to help is spread among them, reducing the likelihood that any individual will take action.

Answer 36

Responsibility Diffusion

Question 37

a personality trait that refers to an individual's ability to regulate their behavior to fit different social situations

Answer 37

Self-Monitoring

Question 38

The perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness.

Answer 38

Moral Exclusion

Question 39

personality trait that best predicts willingness to help

Answer 39

Agreeableness

Question 40

regarding others as within one’s circle of moral concern.

Answer 40

Moral Inclusion

Question 41

refers to observing and learning from the actions of others

Answer 41

Real-life Modeling

Question 42

refers to the idea that prosocial media can positively influence viewers' behavior, promoting altruism and empathy

Answer 42

Media Modeling

Question 43

the result of bribing people to do what they already like doing

Answer 43

Over justification effect