Important Terms and Concepts

Question 1

What does intercellular mean?

Answer 1

Fluid contained within the cell membrane

Question 2

What does extracellular mean?

Answer 2

Fluid located outside the cell membrane

Question 3

What does intracellular mean?

Answer 3

Extracellular fluid located in the spaces between cells in tissues

Question 4

What are the 4 organic compounds?

Answer 4

• fats/lipids
• proteins
• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids

Question 5

What do organic compounds have that inorganic don’t?

Answer 5

Organic compounds contain both carbon and hydrogen, whilst inorganic compounds only contain one of each.

Question 6

Define diffusion

Answer 6

the process of moving something from one area to another (inside and outside a cell) without energy (spread them all out to become even - process of a high concentration to a low concentration )

Question 7

If diffusion active or passive transport?

Answer 7

Passive

Question 8

What is active transport?

Answer 8

To go in the opposite direction (moving from a low concentration to a high concentration) requires energy (ATP)

Question 9

What is the membrane composed of?

Answer 9

phospholipid biolayer

Question 10

What does a phospholipid consist of?

Answer 10

A hydrophilic (attracted to water )head and hydrophobic tail (scared of water)

Question 11

What can easily pass through the phospholipid biolayer and why?

Answer 11

Oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through as they have no charge

Question 12

What is osmosis?

Answer 12

The water form of diffusion - water moving from a high concentration of water to a low concentration (low solvent to high solvent)

Question 13

What are glycolipids?

Answer 13

Chains of fats/carbohydrates hanging off the phospholipid biolayer used for communication between other cells

Question 14

What is between the phospholipids?

Answer 14

cholesterol

Question 15

What is exocytosis?

Answer 15

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane

Question 16

What is endocytosis?

Answer 16

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

Question 17

What are the proteins used for in the phospholipid biolayer?

Answer 17

used to transport matter through the phospholipid biolayer that cant pass through the lipids (potassium and sodium). Different proteins have different purposes (water transport, element transport and communication)

Question 18

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 18

There is a higher concentration outside the atom than the solution (hypo - water)

Question 19

What is a isotonic solution?

Answer 19

There is an equal solution outside and inside the atom

Question 20

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 20

There is higher concentration inside the atom than outside in the solution (hyper kid)

Question 21

What is the formula for total magnification?

Answer 21

Eye piece x objective lens

Question 22

What is the formula for the size of a organism?

Answer 22

field of view (mm) / cells across field of view

Question 23

What are the four things required for photosynthesis?

Answer 23

• Chlorophyll (green pigment inside a chloroplast = organelle used for photosynthesis)
• Light (red and blue - the sun)
• Water
• Carbon Dioxide

Question 24

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + water + oxygen

Question 25

What do plants use glucose for?

Answer 25

Plants will convert glucose into ATP and use it to grow petals/seeds/etc, and to create active transport

Question 26

What is the formula for respiration?

Answer 26

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 27

What is the compensation point?

Answer 27

The compensation point is the light intensity at which the rates of respiration and photosynthesis are the same.

Question 28

What impacts the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 28

Light intensity (wavelength) CO2 Water Temperature (◦C)

Question 29

Where does stage 1 of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 29

Occurs in the granum/thylakoids (inside the chloroplast)

Question 30

What happens during stage 1 of photosynthesis?

Answer 30

- light energy is converted into ATP - Water is converted into hydrogen ions and oxygen gas (which is then released) - hydrogen ions are then used in the second stage

Question 31

What is used to carry hydrogen atoms between stage 1 and 2?

Answer 31

A protein called NAPDH2

Question 32

What happens during stage 2 of photosynthesis?

Answer 32

- uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms to make water and glucose for plant -

Question 33

Where does stage 2 of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 33

occurs in the stroma

Question 34

What is the order for classification?

Answer 34

``` Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 35

What is the name for the process of classifying an organism?

Answer 35

Taxonomy

Question 36

What are the 5 different kingdom classes? What are 3 examples of each?

Answer 36

- Monera = e.g. bacteria, cyanobacteria - Protista = e.g. algae, slime moulds, ciliates - Plantae = e.g. flowering plants, ferns, mosses - Fungi = e.g. mushrooms, moulds, yeast - Animalia = e.g. mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, insects, worms, molluscs

Question 37

What does binomial mean?

Answer 37

'two names' - the name of an organism using the genus and species taxonomy