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APWH Important Study Guides > important terms to remember > Flashcards

important terms to remember Flashcards

1
Q

Dynasty: Ruled by Shihuang Di, Legalism, and a Centralized Bureaucracy

A

Qin Dynasty

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2
Q

Ruled by Wudi, Confucianism, and a Centralized Government

A

Han Dynasty

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3
Q

School of Thought: If you do good things, good things will come to you - Be educated to become officials + respect your elder/people around you

A

Confucianism

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4
Q

Friend to friend: Equals
Father to son: Son respects father
Ruler to subject: Subject respects ruler
Older Brother to younger brother: Younger brother respects Older brother
Husband to wife: Wife respects Husband

A

Five Basic Relationships, Confucianism

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5
Q

Confucianism - Divine respect for parents and ancestors

A

Filial Piety

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6
Q

School of Thought: You must even out the good with the bad, the lightness and darkness

A

Daoism/Taoism

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7
Q

Daoism/Taoism - In good there’s evil, in evil there’s darkness

A

Yin and Yang

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8
Q

Daoism/Taoism - Let the flow of nature take its course (similar to Yin and Yang)

A

Wu Wei

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9
Q

School of Thought: If you disobey the law, you will suffer harsh consequences - Must listen to the government and be obedient

A

Legalism

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10
Q

The methods of which Chinese Dynasties/Emperors change hands over time

A

Dynastic Cycle

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11
Q

The divine source of authority and the right to rule of China ‘s early kings and then emperors

A

Mandate of Heaven

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12
Q

Dynasty: Founded by Chandragupta Maurya who formed India’s first centralized government

A

Maurya Dynasty

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13
Q

Who influenced Chandragupta Maurya?

A

Alexander the Great

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14
Q

A universal religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama or “The Buddha”

A

Buddhism

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15
Q

Belief of Buddhism: Life is Suffering, Suffering is caused by desire, If you end desire then you will end suffering, You an end desire by practicing the Eightfold Path

A

Four Noble Truths

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16
Q

Another belief of Buddhism: Right view (perception), Right intention (right direction), Right speech, Right action, Right livelihood, Right effort (persistence), Right mindfulness (awareness), Right concentration (meditation)

A

The Eight Fold Path

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17
Q

Heaven or a release from desire or suffering, breaking the cycle of reincarnation

A

Nirvana

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18
Q

Religion very similar to Buddhism

A

Hinduism

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19
Q

Action/behavior, based on whether a person follows rules or not

A

Karma

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20
Q

The set of rules one must follow

A

Dharma

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21
Q

Rebirth of your atman, or soul

A

Reincarnation

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22
Q

The social classes what people used in India: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaisyas, Shudas………. The Untouchables (outcasts)

A

The Caste System

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23
Q

This religion had NO caste system

A

Buddhism

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24
Q

One’s texts: Embraced violence but not completely; talks about the gods and depending on whether you were very true to God or not, he will accept your wrondoings

A

Ashoka’s Edicts

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25
Q

How did Buddhism spread to China?

A

Silk Road and Indian Ocean Trade

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26
Q

Period during Greece: Isolation from the rest of the civilizations; suffered poverty and land + animals were left behind due to low population

A

The Dark Age

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27
Q

Group of People: Their ships sailed to Greece, breaking Greeks from a period of isolation; The Greeks took their alphabet and letters to use it as their own

A

The Phoenecians

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28
Q

Also known as “City-State” - consisted of an urban center with rural territory

A

Polis

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29
Q

Also known as “The top of the City”

A

Acropolis

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30
Q

Also known as “The Gathering Place”

A

Agora

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31
Q

A type of Government: The exercise of political privilege by the wealthier members of society

A

Oligarchy

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32
Q

A type of Government: The exercise of political power by all adult males

A

Democracy

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33
Q

Period during Rome: Known as the “Golden Age”

A

Pax Rommana

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34
Q

Type of Government: Citizen Participation, came BEFORE the Roman Empire (Centralized Government); Augustus builds Constantine: Conceited, “I’m the Best.”

A

Roman Republic

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35
Q

Policy used by Roman Government: Government gives the poorer citizens free food and entertainment (used as a distraction)

A

Bread and Circus Policy

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36
Q

“Founder” of Christianity

A

Jesus

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37
Q

A missionary who helped the spread of Christianity with the use of Roman roads

A

Paul

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38
Q

This religion was first ignored but then noticed by Roman officials

A

Christianity

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39
Q

This Roman emperor helps gain popularity of Christianity

A

Emperor Constantine

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40
Q

Note that there is a difference between these two time periods during the Post Classical Period

A

Pre-Islamic Arabia -> Mohammed

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41
Q

A Group of People: Inhabiting land between Syria and Mesopotamia → Supplied camels/tools and served as merchants

A

Arab Patrolists

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42
Q

Caravan city, occupies a mountain valley, and VERY important/religious to Muslims

A

Mecca

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43
Q

Nomadic kin settling in Mecca; known for trading

A

Quraysh

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44
Q

A cubical shrine with idols and a well called “Zamzam” (religious purposes)

A

Ka’ab

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45
Q

This person: Born in Mecca to the Clan of Banu Hashim; grew up as an orphan

A

Mohammed

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46
Q

In 610 C.E., Mohammed received revelations at this place from Angel Gabriel

A

Mt. Hira

47
Q

Religion of Islam: Shahadah (profession of faith), Salat (daily prayer), Zakat (donation), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (religious pilgramedge to Mecca)

A

Five Pillars of Islam

48
Q

Type of Government: Caliph in charge of religion and government (1 person)

A

Theocracy

49
Q

This Dynasty was known for: a theocratic and Arab-elite government and the spread of Islam / Arabic language

A

Ummayyad

49
Q

This Dynasty was known for: the gradual equality of Non-Arabs and Arabs and the spread of Persian influence

A

Abbasid

50
Q

A disagreement: Two major groups in Islam; they fought over who should/should’ve been the successor after the death of Muhammad

A

Sunni and Shi’a Split

51
Q

This side believed it should’ve been blood descendants of Muhammad to become caliph

A

Shia

52
Q

This side believed it could be anyone that has the ability to become caliph

A

Sunni

53
Q

How did Islam spread throughout Africa?

A

Northern Africa: Conquest
Southern Africa: Trade

54
Q

The Desert and Sahara region: Used this for traders to bring goods between the Eastern and Western side of Africa -
Also helped Camels

A

The Sahel

55
Q

A ruler of the Kingdom of Mali that was known for his generosity and wealth

A

Mansa Musa

56
Q

Mansa Musa was known for doing the Hajj and also this specific trade route between Eastern and Western Africa

A

Gold-Salt trade

57
Q

“House of Islam”- refers to the massive expanse of Islam and how people could travel within it and still be within the “house of Islam”, like Ibn Battuta did…

A

Dal al-Islam

58
Q

A traveler who portrayed some African Cities as filthy and dirty whilst others as clean and organized.

A

Ibn Battuta

59
Q

Ibn Battuta’s POV (point-of-view)…

A

Coming from North Africa, he has a stronger connection to the Islamic World, being more conservative and traditional

60
Q

This part of Africa is known for trading with Eurasian civilizations through the Indian Ocean Trade

A

Swahili Coast

61
Q

A large movement and migration of the Bantu people from Northern Africa to Southern, Eastern, and Western Africa

A

The Bantu Migration

62
Q

The chance of growing better crops and plants and rapidly increasing of population (too crowded)

A

These are CAUSES of the Bantu Migration

63
Q

Formation of newer technology, language, and idea of working together

A

These are EFFECTS of the Bantu Migration

64
Q

System of Belief: The attribution of a soul to plants and inanimate objects

A

Animism

65
Q

Story tellers / Oral historians of traditional Africa - served as entertainers and preserved historical stories

A

Griots

66
Q

This part of Europe was fragmented after the fall of the Roman Empire

A

Western Europe

67
Q

This is also known as the relationships between the lords and peasants based on the manor

A

Manorialism

68
Q

This was also known as “A Trade” - a reciprocal relationship between the King and the lower classes

A

Feudalism

69
Q

The title where Charlemagne gets crowned by the Pope

A

Role of the Church

70
Q

An Emperor: Ruled the Byzantine Empire during the Golden Age; Supporter of Christianity

A

Emperor Justinian

71
Q

A piece of architecture that symbolizes the Center of religious, political, and artistic life of the Byzantine Empire

A

Hagia Sophia

72
Q

Known as the Corpus Juris Civilis

A

Code of Justinian

73
Q

Response of a religious war between Christians and Muslims; take over Jerusalem (Christians wanted it back from the Muslims)

A

The Crusades

74
Q

Towards the end of the Crusades, their main goal was no longer Jerusalem; instead, they raided and robbed Christians of their wealth

A

The Fourth Crusade

75
Q

The Three Meso-American Civilizations

A

Aztec, Mayan, and Inca

76
Q

Mandatory service in the society of the Inca Empire

A

Mita

77
Q

The fall of the Meso-American Civilizations were all commonly caused by…

A

The Spaniards and the Portuguese

78
Q

Used during Chinese Dynasties: A system of testing designed to select the most studious men to become bureaucrats

A

Civil Service Examination

79
Q

A system of government where the state officials make important decisions instead of the elected officials

A

Bureaucracy

80
Q

A stronger form of Confucianism that tries to counteract the spread of Buddhism in China

A

Neo-Confucianism

81
Q

During this dynasty… Buddhism was popular and well-respected: Empress Wu Zhao + Tax exemptions

A

EARLY Tang Dynasty

82
Q

During this dynasty… Backlash against Buddhism occurred: Han Yu, Neo-Confucianism, and Emperor Wuzong

A

LATE Tang Dynasty

83
Q

This is a prime example of a decline in Women’s status during the SONG dynasty

A

Foot-Binding

84
Q

Level of Chinese Influence

A

Sinification

85
Q

This Country showed: High levels of Sinification - Similarities between political systems, capitals, and Buddhist/Confucianist influence of literacy

A

Korea

86
Q

This Country showed: Moderate levels of Sinification - Worshipped a “female Buddha” -> Tolerance of Buddhism but rejection of Confucian values

A

Vietnam

87
Q

This Country showed: High levels of Sinification, language and combination of Buddhism with their own culture

A

Japan

88
Q

Central of Japanese Culture; addition of nature and spirits to their culture

A

Shintoism

89
Q

Attempt to make Japanese monarch into a Chinese-style emperor

A

Taika Reforms

90
Q

This religion was mixed in with Buddhist beliefs by Japan

A

Kami Religion

91
Q

A strategy: Where a place (Japan) chooses what practice they want to incorporate into their own culture

A

Selective Borrowing

92
Q

Two females leading the first resistance movement against China (Vietnam) after being under their rule for 200 years. Today, they are still idolized and memorized.

A

Trung Sisters

93
Q

Also known as “Mongol Peace” - A period of time of relative stability in Eurasia under the Mongol Empire

A

Pax Mongolica

94
Q

Also known as “Mongol Peace” - A period of time of relative stability in Eurasia under the Mongol Empire

A

Pax Mongolia

95
Q

A Venetian merchant who travelled through Asia using the Silk Road; was administered and helped by Kublai Khan

A

Marco Polo

96
Q

Also known as “Genghis Khan” - created the largest land empire in the world - The Mongol Empire

A

Chinggis Khan

97
Q

Founder of the Yuan Dynasty

A

Kublai Khan

98
Q

Why was Kublai Khan successful in starting his own dynasty?

A

His strength and power

99
Q

Wanted to reestablish the unity of China and set up his capital in what is now Beijing

A

Impacts of Kublai Khan

100
Q

Main reason for the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty

A

Chinese revolted against the Mongol rule

101
Q

This Dynasty was established after the Yuan Dynasty; built on a Mongol foundation

A

Ming Dynasty

102
Q

This Dynasty collapsed because it was weak and had a disorganized government combined with peasant revolts against the government

A

Ming Dynasty

103
Q

This person’s expeditions illustrated dominance and power of China

A

Zhenghe

104
Q

Zhenghe’s expeditions ended, however, because…

A

China stopped funding his trips and focused on the interior protection of China from the Mongols

105
Q

This trade occurred between Europe, Africa, and the Americas and was the exchange of disease, slaves, and new foods…

A

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade / Columbian Exchange

106
Q

This person… devoted most of his life to protect Amerindians from exploitation

A

Bartolomé de Las Casas

107
Q

This person… was a Spanish humanist and philosopher; against the barbaric behavior of the Amerindians

A

Sepulveda

108
Q

The idea that there is only so much wealth in the world and that to make your kingdom stronger, you must have more gold and wealth than the other kingdoms.

A

Mercantilism

109
Q

This period in Europe focused on the influence of humanism in art and literature

A

Renaissance

110
Q

When the Pope gained a huge mass of power and sold indulgences to the people so their sins could be forgiven by God…

A

Protestant Reformation

111
Q

This person was against the practice of the Church; abused the practice of the printing press to spread his 95 Theses

A

Martin Luther

112
Q

Martin Luther wrote these in order to convince the people that the practices of the Catholic Church is wrong; used the Printing Press

A

95 Theses

113
Q

This King is known for… breaking off from the church because he failed to have a male child, objecting against the Papacy’s authority over the English Church

A

King Henrey VIII

APWH Important Study Guides (1 decks)

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