Important VPH parasites- mentioned in one health

Question 1

List the 7 important Cestodes in VPH

Answer 1

Taenia solium (Cysticercus cellulosae)
Taenia saginata (Cysticercus bovis)
Taeina multiceps (Coenurus cerebralis)
Taenia Hydatigena (Cysticercus tenuicollis)
Taenia ovis (cysticercus ovis )
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis

Question 2

List the trematode important in VPH

Answer 2

Fasciola hepatica

Question 3

List the 2 nematodes important in VPH

Answer 3

Ascaris suum
Trichinella spp

Question 4

What stage of Taenia saginata is the cysticercus bovis

Answer 4

Larval

Question 5

how do cattle become infected with cysticercus bovis

Answer 5

Ingesting food or water which has been infected with human faecal matter which contains eggs

Question 6

how are humans infected with taeniasis (taenia saginata)/ Tapeworms

Answer 6

ingesting/ consuming beef which hasn’t been sufficiently cooked or frozen to kill cysticerci

Question 7

What is the intermediate host of cysticerus bovis

Answer 7

cows

Question 8

What is the definitive host of cysticerus bovis/ taenia saginata

Answer 8

humans

Question 9

How to treat cysticerus bovis in cows

Answer 9

praziquantel

Question 10

clinical signs of cysticercus bovis/ taenia saginiata in live cow

Answer 10

there are no clinical signs

Question 11

where are cystercercus lesions found in the cow (post mortem)

Answer 11

causes small cysts I the striated (cardiac or skeletal) muscle the cattle.
Most commonly seen in the :
- head/masseter muscle
-offal
-heart
-tongue
-diaphragm

Question 12

what do cysts of cystercus bovis look like

Answer 12

Cysts contain a white-ish fluid that contains the immature worm. The cysts are the size of a pea and infected cattle usually have multiple cysts.

Question 13

what happens to carcass if cystercercus bovis lesions are found post mortem

Answer 13

either partial (in localised infection) or full condemnation of carcase (in systemic infection) will occur.

In partial condemnation the carcase is frozen to deactivate the cysts.
Cat 2

Question 14

what happens to the cow carcass if localised cystercus bovis cysts are found

Answer 14

partial condemnation and the remaining carcass is frozen to deactivate the cysts (-7 for 3 wks or -10 for 2 wks)

Question 15

what happens to the cow carcass if systemic/ generalised cystircercus bovis cysts are found postmortem

Answer 15

full rejection - cat 2

Question 16

what advice would you give farmers to prevent cysticercus bovis on their farm?

Answer 16

Avoid contamination of cattle feed or water with human faeces

Question 17

List 2 risk factors for Cysticerus bovis

Answer 17

human faecal contamination
overflowing sewage systems

Question 18

Is cysticercus bovis (taenia saginata) zoonotic

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Name the larvae of Taenia solium

Answer 19

cysticerus celluloase

Question 20

What species is affected by cysticerus cellulosae (taenia solium)

Answer 20

pigs and humans

Question 21

What is the definite host of Taenia sloium/ cysticercus cellulosae

Answer 21

humans

Question 22

How do humans get infected by Cysticercus cellulosae

Answer 22

eat contaminated meat (undercooked)

Question 23

can cysticercosis in humans be caught by ingestion of eggs (faecal oral route)

Answer 23

NO must be from cysticerci in uncooked or insufficiently cooked pork

Question 24

what is the intermediate host of taenia solium/ cysticercus cellulosae

Answer 24

pigs and wild boar

Question 25

Do you get taenia solium in the UK

Answer 25

no

Question 26

what animals does Cysticercus cellulosae infect

Answer 26

pigs = intermediate humans= definitive

Question 27

List the clinical signs of cysticercosis in humans

Answer 27

vision impairment blindness seizures death hydrocephalus neuro deficits

Question 28

where are cysts of cystercerci found in post mortem

Answer 28

Striated muscle of pigs (Skeletal and cardiac)- heart and diaphragm

Question 29

what happens to carcass with cysticercus cellulosae/ taenia solium

Answer 29

total rejection- cat 2

Question 30

How to prevent cysticercus cellulosae

Answer 30

1. improved pig husbandry - no free-roaming pigs 2. improved meat inspection and processing of meat products. 3. lower stock density of herd 4. anthelmintic protocols as preventative (none licenced against T.Solium) 5. pasture management and rotation quarantine of new stock

Question 31

How do pigs get infected with Taenia solium

Answer 31

eat egg or gravid proglottids in faeces

Question 32

What is the larval stage of taenia ovis

Answer 32

cysticerus ovis

Question 33

what species are infected by taenia ovis

Answer 33

sheep and goats

Question 34

Is taenia ovis/ cysticercus ovis zoonotic to humans

Answer 34

no

Question 35

Cysticercus ovis/ taenia ovis clinical signs in sheep

Answer 35

Doesn't usually impact on sheep so no signs of ill health will be seen on the farm.

Question 36

where are cysticerci ovis cysts found in sheep

Answer 36

heart diaphragm (severe cases) masseter muscle (severe cases)

Question 37

what happens to a sheep carcass if cysticercus ovis is detected at postmortem

Answer 37

Partial condemnation when local infection Total condemnation when generalised infection Cat 2

Question 38

How to prevent Taenia ovis/ cysticercus ovis (5 points)

Answer 38

No treatment for sheep 1. regular worming of working dogs (praziquantel every 3m) 2. fence off public footpaths 3. don't feed dogs raw offal/ scavenging on carcases 4. dispose of dead sheep properly 5. encourage dog owners to pick up dog poo

Question 39

what are the hosts of taenia ovis

Answer 39

definitive = dog/fox intermediate= sheep/ goats

Question 40

What is the larval stage of taenia hydratigena

Answer 40

cysticercus tenuicollis

Question 41

intermediate host of cysticercus tenuicollis

Answer 41

sheep BUT less commonly cattle, deer and pigs

Question 42

definitive host of cysticercus tenuicollis/ taenia hydratigena

Answer 42

dogs/ foxes

Question 43

is taenia hydatigena / cysticercus tenuicollis zoontic to humans

Answer 43

No

Question 44

where are cysticercus tenuilcollis cysts found in sheep?

Answer 44

Liver, cysticerci can cause scaring from migration through liver paraenchyma

Question 45

what does cysticercus tenuicollis look like in post mortem sheep findings?

Answer 45

Sheep lever will be scared with big fluid filled cysts

Question 46

what do you condemn if you find cysticercus tenuicollis at post mortem of sheep carcass

Answer 46

Partial rejection of liver Cat 2

Question 47

Decsribe how to prevent cysticercus tenuicollis

Answer 47

No treatment for sheep 1. worming dogs- praziquantel every 3 m 2. fencing off public footpaths 3. not feeding dogs raw offal/ scavenge on carcases 4. dispose of dead sheep 5. pick up dog poo

Question 48

what species does ascaris suum infect

Answer 48

pigs

Question 49

what should be done if ascaris suum is found at the abattoir

Answer 49

partial rejection Cat 3

Question 50

How can ascaris suum be controlled

Answer 50

anthelmintics to treat intestinal adults cleaning and destruction of faeces 3-4 days after treatment

Question 51

when is ascaris suum treatment ineffective

Answer 51

outdoor systems

Question 52

what group of animals does fasciola hepatica affect

Answer 52

ruminants

Question 53

how can fasciola hepatica be controlled

Answer 53

anthelmintics (triclabendazole) and pasture management

Question 54

what should be done if fasciola hepatica is found at the abattoir

Answer 54

partial rejection cat 3

Question 55

what animals does echinococcus granulosus affect

Answer 55

sheep and cows

Question 56

what is the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus

Answer 56

hydatid cysts

Question 57

where are echinococcus granulosis lesions found

Answer 57

liver and lungs

Question 58

What should be done if echinococcus granulosis lesions are found at the abbatoir?

Answer 58

partial rejection cat 2

Question 59

how can echinococcus granulosis be controlled

Answer 59

Prevent dogs eating carcasses Dogs - praziquantel monthly Restrict home slaughter Wash hands Don't eat food contaminated with faecal matter

Question 60

what aniamls does taenia multiceps affect

Answer 60

sheep

Question 61

what is the larval stage of taenia mutliceps

Answer 61

coenuris cerebralis (gid)

Question 62

what should be done if taenia multiceps is found at the abattoir

Answer 62

total rejection cat 2 (if under <12 months otherwise Cat 1)

Question 63

is taenia multiceps zoonotic to humans

Answer 63

no

Question 64

where do you find taenia multiceps lesions in sheep

Answer 64

brain (GID)

Question 65

how to prevent taenia multiceps

Answer 65

Restrict access of dogs to offal Worm dogs with praziquantel every 4 weeks Stop dogs from defaecating in fields Proper disposal of sheep

Question 66

what animal does trichinella spiralis affect

Answer 66

pigs

Question 67

what is done if trichinella spiralis is found at the abattoir

Answer 67

total rejection Cat 2

Question 68

How should trinchinella spiralis be controlled?

Answer 68

Prevent scavenging of carcasses by dogs and rodents

Question 69

is trichinella spiralis zoonotic to humans

Answer 69

yes

Question 70

where do you see lesions of trichinella spiralis in pigs

Answer 70

Cysts within striated muscles

Question 71

what animals does echinococcus multiocularis affect

Answer 71

dogs human, sheep, cow- intermediat

Question 72

Where are enchinococcus multilocularis lesions found?

Answer 72

lung

Question 73

how to control echinococcus multiocularis

Answer 73

Prevent dogs feeding on rodents Wash hands after handling dogs

Question 74

Is enchinococcus multilocularis zoonotic to humans

Answer 74

yes