Impressions

Question 1

Raw materials of first impressions

Answer 1

physical appearence- e.g. attractiveness
nonverbal communication (may be useful to detect deception)
familiarity
environments
behaviour

Question 2

Higgins, Rholes and Jones (1977)

Answer 2

Accessibility from recent activation.

Question 3

Solomon Asch, 1946

Answer 3

Changing the independent variable from “warm” to cold”, made the participants rate the professor differently

Question 4

Solomon Asch, 1946 /second experiment

Answer 4

Presented with six adjectives, the order had an impact on how positively the professor were rated

Question 5

Configural model

Answer 5

Solomon Asch. Impressions are formed as meaningful wholes. (gestalt theory)

Question 6

Anderson’s algebraic model

Answer 6

The general impression of others is a mathematical function of the perceived individual traits: a sum or a mean.

Question 7

Cognitive approach

Answer 7

raw materials: 
physical appearance
nonverbal cues
behaviour
familiarity, salience and accessibility. categories are then used to interpret the data. Both top-down and buttom-up processes

Question 8

correspondent inference

Answer 8

attaching the trait to the person

Question 9

Correspondence bias

Answer 9

people attach trait to the person, even when not justified by these criteria

Question 10

superficial processing

Answer 10

uses single attribute

unwilling or unable to devote much time or effort to thinking. conservatism. (first impression unlikely to change)

Question 11

systematic processing

Answer 11

uses multiple attributes
thinking more deeply, taking a wider range of info into account. requires: motivation and ability.
combine algebraically- combine configurally

Question 12

sources of attribution

Answer 12

consensus
distinctiveness
consistency

Question 13

attributions

Answer 13

laypeople’s inferences about the causes of behaviour

Question 14

normative approaches

Answer 14

how people should make attributions if they were thinking rationally

Question 15

descriptive approaches

Answer 15

how people actually make attributions with errors and biases

Question 16

Attributions: errors and biases

Answer 16

fundamental attributional error
correspondence bias
false consensus
self-serving bias
actor-observer effect
just world beliefs
attributions of responsibility

Question 17

primacy effect

Answer 17

early information has large impact. leads to conservationism of judgements

Question 18

perseverance effects

Answer 18

once information is considered, learning that it was false has little effect. lead to conservatism of judgements

Question 19

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 19

e.g. you think someone will be friendly so you act friendly to them –> they do act friendly. can also create hostility

Question 20

More likely with self prophecy

Answer 20

when person’s self-knowledge is weak.
person is unaware of observer’s expectations
person wants to convey accurate impression