improvement in food resources

Question 1

Write about rabi crops and give two examples

Answer 1

They are winter season crops from november to april for ex wheat and gram

Question 2

Write about kharif crops and give two examples

Answer 2

They are rainy season crops from june to october ex soyabeen and maize

Question 3

What is hybridisation and its type

Answer 3

The crossing b/w genetically dissimalar plants to produce a new kind is called hybridiastion. It may be intervarietal, interspecific and intergenric.

Question 4

Explain genetically modified crops

Answer 4

It is a way of improving the crop by improving a crop by introducing a gene that would provide the desired characteristics.

Question 5

Write any 5 factors for which variety improvement is done.

Answer 5

1. It improves crop yield.
2. It gives improved quality.
3. It gives them biotic resistance.
4. It changes the maturity period.
5. It provides wider adaptability

Question 6

What are macronutrients?

Answer 6

Nutrients that are required in large quantities are called macronutrients for example nitrogen and phosphorus.

Question 7

What are micronutrients?

Answer 7

Nutrients that are required in small quantities are called micronutrients. for example iron and copper

Question 8

What is compost?

Answer 8

The process in which farm waste material like animal excreta is decomposed in pits is known as composting.

Question 9

What is vermicompost?

Answer 9

When compost is prepared by using earthworms to fasten the process of decomposition is known as vermicompost.

Question 10

what is green manure?

Answer 10

Before sowing of crop seeds, some plants like sun hemp are grown and mulched by ploughing them into the soil. These green plants turn into green manure which supplies nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil.

Question 11

Write advantage of green manure?

Answer 11

1. Manure enriches the soil with organic matter and increases soil fertility.
2. It improves soil structure.
3. It is a way of recycling farm waste.

Question 12

What is organic farming?

Answer 12

It is a farming practice with minimal or no use of fertilizers and pesticides and maximum use of organic products with healthy cropping system.

Question 13

What is irrigation?

Answer 13

The process of supplying water to the crops is called irrigation.

Question 14

Write about mixed cropping and its advantages.

Answer 14

Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land is called, mixed cropping. Its advantages are:
1. It improves soil fertility.
2. No risk of failure of crops.
3. It increases crop yield

Question 15

Explain intercropping and write its advantages

Answer 15

The growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field in a definite row pattern is known as intercropping. Its advantages are:
1. Maximum utilization of nutrients supplied.
2. Prevents spread of pests and disease.
3. Better return for both crops.

Question 16

Write about crop rotation and its advantages.

Answer 16

The growing of different crops on the same piece of land in a pre planning succession is called as crop rotation. Its advantages are :
1. It maintains the fertility of the soil.
2. It helps in increasing crop production.
3. It controls plant diseases and weeds.
4. It reduces the need for fertilizer.

Question 17

What are pest?

Answer 17

The organisms which spoil crops, due to which quality and quantity of crop decrease are called pests.

Question 18

explain weeds.

Answer 18

Weeds are unwanted plants in the cultivated field. They compete for food, space, and light. They take up the nutrients and reduce the growth of crops.

Question 19

Write some methods to control weeds.

Answer 19

1. Mechanical method: Removal of weeds by hand.
2. Preventive method: This includes proper bed preparation, timely sowing etc.
3. Chemical method: Herbicides and weedicides are used to destroy weeds.

Question 20

Write 3 ways in which insects attack the plant.

Answer 20

1. They cut the root, stem, and leaf.
2. They suck the cell sap from various plant part.
3. They bore into stem and fruits.

Question 21

Write some measures to stop loss of stored grain.

Answer 21

1. Strict cleaning of the produce before storage.
2. Proper drying to produce first in sunlight and then in shade .
3. Fumigation by using chemicals that can kill pests.

Question 22

What is animal husbandry?

Answer 22

The branch that deals with feeding, caring and breeding of animal livestock.

Question 23

What are draught animals?

Answer 23

The animals used for farm labour like tilling, irrigation are called draught animals.

Question 24

What are milk animals?

Answer 24

Milk producing females are called milch animals.

Question 25

What is lactation period?

Answer 25

The period of milk production b/w birth of young ones and the next pregnancy is called lactation period.

Question 26

Foreign breed have lactation period. Local breeds have excellent resistance to diseases. The two can be crossbred to get animals with both desired qualities.

Question 27

What are the features of good cattle shelter.

Answer 27

1. It should be spacious and well roofed. 2. It should be cleaned regularly. 3. It must have proper arrangement for natural light and ventilation. 4. Its floor must be sloping so as stay dry and helps cleaning.

Question 28

Write food requirements of dairy animals.

Answer 28

1. Maintainance requirement: is the food required to support the animals to live a healthy life. 2. Milk producing requirement: is the food required during lactation period.

Question 29

Write any two things that animal feed include.

Answer 29

1. Roughage: It is mainly fibrous food. 2. Concentrates: It is low in fibers and has high levels of proteins and other nutrients.

Question 30

What is poultry farming?

Answer 30

The raising of birds for egg and meat is called poultry farming.

Question 31

What is variety improvement?

Answer 31

The method of obtaining new varieties by cross breeding b/w Indian and foreign is called variety improvement.

Question 32

Why is variety improvement done.

Answer 32

1. It improves no. of quality of chicks. 2. It improves dwarf boilers for commercial chick production. 3. It improves summer adaption capacity. 4. It needs low maintenance requirement. 5. It improves the reduction in the size of egg laying bird.

Question 33

What is mariculture?

Answer 33

The practice of culturing fishes in coastal water on commercial scale is called mariculture.

Question 34

What is inland fisheries?

Answer 34

Fish grown in brackish water and fresh water are called inland fish.

Question 35

What is compost fish culture?

Answer 35

In this system, a combination of five and six fish species is used in a single fish pond. These species are selected so they don't compete for food among them.

Question 36

Write the name of compost fish culture and where the feed.

Answer 36

Catlas are surface feeders. Rohus are middle zone. Mrigals and Commin corps are surface feeders. Frass carps feed on the weeds.

Question 37

What is the advantage of bee keeping?

Answer 37

1. It provides honey. 2. Additional income generating activity for farmers. 3. Source of wax which is used for medical preparation.

Question 38

What are the advantage of Italian bee?

Answer 38

1. High honey collection capacity. 2. They sting lesser. 3. They stay in beehive for longer period. 4. They breed very wel.