imuno radio Flashcards
(32 cards)
What does preferential involvement of the most caudal portion of the spine suggest?
MOGAD
What conditions are indicated by leptomeningeal or nerve-root involvement?
Neurosarcoidosis, infectious disease, malignancies
.
What condition can show cavitation in the spinal cord?
Syringohydromyelia
What do long and selective involvement of white matter columns indicate?
Underlying metabolic diseases such as vitamin B12 or copper deficiency
What should be ruled out if there is evidence of micro/macrobleeds?
Arterio-venous fistula
What does the presence of lesions affecting the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord with ‘snake eye’ or ‘owl’s eye’ sign denote?
Ischemia or infarction
What does spinal cord compression favor?
Spondylotic myelopathy
What is the frequency of LETM in MS patients according to large case series?
2 to 3%
What can three contiguous multiple short lesions with edema in MS lead to?
Appearance of LETM due to coalescence
What can chronic MS without disease activity show throughout the cord?
Hazy hyperintensities
What should careful inspection of axial images be done for?
To avoid misattributing a MS myelitis lesion as longitudinally extensive
What should a presence of true LETM prompt a search for?
NMO-SD, MOGAD, and other etiologies of long lesions
What condition is characterized by multiple short segment spinal cord lesions?
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Which portion of the spinal cord is most frequently involved in MS?
Cervical portion
How frequently do active MS spinal cord lesions enhance compared to brain lesions?
Less frequently
What are the characteristics of NMO-SD and MOGAD spinal cord lesions?
Longitudinally and transversely extensive lesions
Which segments are commonly involved in NMO-SD?
Cervical, thoracic, or cervicothoracic segments
What is the predilection of MOGAD regarding spinal cord involvement?
Conus involvement
What imaging findings are relatively specific for NMO-SD?
Bright spotty lesions on T2-WI and corresponding dark lesions on T1-WI
What distinctive appearance does the ring-enhancement pattern have in NMOSD?
Encasing the T2-bright spotty lesion in LETM, resulting in a lens-shaped appearance on sagittal images
What radiological characteristics are highly suggestive of MOGAD?
Sagittal line hyperintensity surrounded by a cloudier T2-hyperintense signal and H-shaped hyperintensity in axial sequences
What type of enhancement can be observed in MOGAD?
Linear enhancement of ependymal canal (pencil-thin enhancement)
What is the prevalence of short segment transverse myelitis (STM) in NMOSD patients?
14.5% of the initial manifestations of myelitis
How does STM typically differ from the spinal cord lesions in MS?
STM is usually longitudinally longer and transversely extensive involving central gray matter
