In class quiz #3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is Cushing’s Syndrome?
Prolonged excess exposure to corticosteroids
It can be caused by various factors including pituitary tumors.
What are common neuro signs and symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?
- Anxiety
- Depression
These mental health symptoms are often linked to prolonged corticosteroid exposure.
List integumentary signs of Cushing’s Syndrome.
- Thin skin
- Thinning hair
- Growth of facial hair in women
- Abdominal stretch marks
- Easy bruising
These changes are due to the weakening of collagen.
What cardiovascular symptoms are associated with Cushing’s Syndrome?
- Hypertension (HTN)
- Cardiac hypertrophy
These conditions arise from prolonged exposure to corticosteroids.
What metabolic changes are seen in Cushing’s Syndrome?
- Hyperglycemia
- Increased sodium and decreased potassium levels
- Central obesity
- Moon face
- Fat pad between shoulder blades
These changes are linked to the body’s response to excess corticosteroids.
What are the musculoskeletal symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?
- Osteoporosis
- Muscle wasting
These symptoms are due to the effects of corticosteroids on muscle and bone health.
What is the treatment approach for Cushing’s Syndrome?
Remove the source of elevated corticosteroids; taper down levels slowly
Rapid removal can lead to complications.
What is SIADH?
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion resulting in water retention
It can lead to hyponatremia due to dilution of blood sodium.
What are the signs and symptoms of Addison’s disease?
- Low mood
- Depression
- Fatigue
- Hyperpigmentation
- Decreased body hair (especially in females)
- Hypotension
- Low cardiac output
- Decreased appetite
- Salt cravings
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyponatremia
These symptoms arise from adrenal cortex dysfunction.
What is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary causes of adrenal disorders?
- Primary: Problem directly in adrenal glands (autoimmune)
- Secondary: Problem in pituitary gland (insufficient ACTH production)
- Tertiary: Problem in hypothalamus (insufficient CRH production)
Each level indicates where the dysfunction originates.
What is the primary concern with Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
Severe dehydration resulting in hypotension
This can lead to serious complications such as septic shock.
What is Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)?
Widespread inflammatory state in the body due to multiple factors
It can be infectious or non-infectious in origin.
What lab values are anticipated in septic shock?
- Leukocytosis
- Positive blood cultures
- Increased blood sugar
- Increased lactate
- Low platelets
- High D-dimer (means there is clotting going on)
- High PT and PTT
These indicate an inflammatory response and coagulation issues.
What are the signs and symptoms of Transfusion Related Circulatory Overload?
- Dyspnea
- Tachypnea
- Hypoxemia
- Crackles
- JVD
- Peripheral edema
- Tachycardia
- Bounding pulses
- Hypertension
This condition can occur from large volume blood transfusions.
What fluid is the only one compatible with blood products?
Normal Saline (NS)
This is crucial for safe transfusions.
What are the signs and symptoms of a transfusion reaction?
- Chills
- Fever
- Itching/rash
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Chest tightness
Immediate recognition and intervention are critical.
what causes low sodium levels in people with addison’s disease
the adrenal glands also produce aldosterone which helps retain sodium; but in addison’s disease the adrenals are damaged and don’t produce enough aldosterone
what are signs and symptoms of septic shock
-fever or hypothermia
-Tachycardia
-Tachypnea
-persistent hypotension
-bounding pulses
-EARLY skin is warm flushed LATE skin is pale and mottled
what is the definition of sepsis
when the patient has SIRS and a clear source of infection
what is the definition of septic shock
when a patient has sepsis and hypotension despite receiving adequate amounts of fluid
What are the most important nursing interventions for a patient that has septic shock
- Administer IV fluids
- Obtain blood cultures
- Initiate antibiotics
(MUST have blood cultures before initiating antibiotics)
what are S&S of MODS
-Increased creatinine
-Decreased platelet counts
-High blood glucose without diabetes
when would a patient be given fresh frozen plasma
when they have a deficiency in clotting factors
what electrolyte imbalances are transfusion patients susceptible to
-hypocalcemia
-Hyperkalemia
