'In the beginning' up to pg 109

Question 1

What are all the features of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 1

infolding of the cell- site of respiration
Plasmid- Circle DNA
Capsule- Slimy Layer on surface for protection
Pili- thin protein tubes which aloow bacteria to adhere surfaces
Cell Wall-made of peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm-contains DNA

Question 2

What are the features of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 2

Centrioles- Involved in the formaton of spindle fibres during nuclear fusion and in transport within the cell of the cytoplasm

Mitrochndrion- have two membranes with folded projections called cristae. Site of aerobic respiration.

rER- are flattened sacs where helps transport proteins made form ribosomes to ther parts of the cell
sER- Involved in making lipids and steroids.

Lysoymes- circle sacs with digestive enzymes that break down unwanted structures.
Nucleus- contains chromosomes and a nucleolsus which is the dense body where ribosomes are made.

Ribosomes are attached to endoplamis reculum and is made out of RNA and protein.

Golgi Appartus- Modifies proteins by adding or trimming carbohydrate chains and proteins are pinched off n vesticles. Cisternae (in apparatus) the flattened curved sacs have enzymes which allow proteins to be processed. Helps lysozyme formation and transportation of lipids.

Question 3

3 diffrerernces between pro and eukarotic cells

Answer 3

Prokaryotic cells have cell walls made of polydactycan wheras eukaryotics are made of Chitin.

Eukaryotic have linear DNA with histone proteinswhereas Prokaryotci are circlar

Ribosomes are larger in Prokaryotic

Eukarotyic don’t have plasmids

Question 4

What is the structure which connects cytoplasm between on eplant and another

Answer 4

plasmodesmata

Question 5

How are proteins produced in a cell

Answer 5

1. DNA Is transcriped to mRNA
2. mRNA leaves the nucleus
3. Proteins move through rER (If enzyme like insulin then is folded into primary secondary and terianary structure)
4. vesticles pinch of the protein and fuse with flattened sacs of Golgi appatus know as cristae. Cristae conatins digestive enzymes which modify protein by trimming or adding carbohydrate chains and glycoporteins. Fuses with cell memebrane and allows exocytosis to occur- releasing protein.

Question 6

Structure of mitochondria

Answer 6

Cristae are the shelves on the inner memebrane which increase surface area allowing greater capacity of ATP

Matrix the gel like structure which helps production of ATP in mitrochondria

Question 7

what is mesosomes

Answer 7

are infolding of plasma membrane responsible for aerobic respiration, but scientists belive they are atrifacts.