In vivo cloning Flashcards
(8 cards)
What is in vivo cloning?
The isolation and amplification of an individual gene sequence by insertion of that sequence into an organism where it can be replicated. It involves the construction of novel DNA molecules by joining DNA from different sources (chimaera DNA or recombinant DNA)
Give an example of how recombinant DNA has revolutionised how we treat diseases?
It is used to make insulin to treat patients with diabetes, can also create microorganisms that can degrade oil
Was dolly the sheep a product of DNA cloning?
No, she was a product of whole organism cloning, which was made from a direct copy of maternal DNA, They took an unfertilised egg, removed its nucleus and fused it with differentiated cells from donor to make an embryo
What is the process of cloning?
Isolation of plasmid DNA and the gene of interest, insertion of the gene of interest after cleaving and inserted into plasmid DNA. The plasmid is then put back into the bacterial cell where it will replicate and essentially clone itself. Using antibacterial genes or the ability to digest lactose to see which copies have taken up the gene of interest
What are restriction enzymes?
Naturally occurring enzymes that are found in bacteria, they act as molecular scissors that cut DNA. They are a defence mechanism, but cannot cut their own DNA due to methylase methylating the DNA. Also known as endonucleases
Where do restriction enzymes cut plasmids?
At recognition sites
What are phage vectors?
Deliver certain genes into certain organisms, for example infecting eukaryotic cells to deliver DNA to protect them
What does DNA ligase do?
Catalyses two DNA strands to link together covalently
