Inadequacies of Western Psychology

Question 1

General Idea of Western Psychology

Answer 1

African people were inferior

Question 2

Carl Gustav Jung*

Answer 2

Student of Sigmund Freud; Gave lectures pointing out that living in a world of negroes brings your own race down.

Question 3

Hermann Burmeister (not as important)

Answer 3

Published book where he referred to African’s as savaged; & encouraged colonization for them to look more like white people

Question 4

Sir Francis Galton & Scientific Scale of Racial Values*

Answer 4

“Father of Eugenics”; Created Scientific Scale of Racial Values where essentially AA people are less intelligent than whites, & looked at black characteristics to compare to whites; promoted idea of saving white genes

Question 5

Herbert Spencer*

Answer 5

Coined term “survival of the fittest” and put it on social concepts; those who were more fit (white people) would survive the longest due to biological factors that make them more superior

Question 6

G.O. Ferguson*

Answer 6

Book titled “The Psychology of the Negro: An Experimental Study” / Mulatto Hypothesis: Black people’s intelligence was based off of the amount of white blood they had/ Defective morals are negro traits

Question 7

Edward Thorndike*

Answer 7

Book titled “Human Nature and the Social Order” / Getting rid of black genes does more good than harm/ Black people were natural born slaves which is why institution of slavery existed

Question 8

G. Stanley Hall*

Answer 8

Book titled “The Negro in Africa and America”/ Black people did not have the capacity for growth

Question 9

Lewis Terman*

Answer 9

claimed AA were uneducable, no amount of school will make them intelligent, can only be efficient workers/ Did an experiment in California that resulted in segregation within the study

Question 10

Equitorial Hypothesis*

Answer 10

Darkness in skin increased in proportion to nearness of the equator

Question 11

Smithsonian Institute

Answer 11

Looked into the measurement of skin color, put Ales Hrdlicka in charge for making instructions for the measurements in human characteristics

Question 12

P.Broca (Measurement of Skin Color)

Answer 12

Set of paint colors to compare inner and outer arm

Question 13

John Gray (Measurement of Skin Color)

Answer 13

Tintometer: measured amount of pigmentation in hair, eyes, & skin

Question 14

Color top

Answer 14

Used disks w black, red, yellow & white/ pumped until they got a color

Question 15

Felix Von Luschan (Measurement of skin color)

Answer 15

Color blocks with numbers

Question 16

Gustave Fritsch (Measurement of skin color)

Answer 16

Argued with the color standards and that we needed more color variation/ color strips w 49 colors

Question 17

J.H. Shabby & H.E. Bonnell (Measurement of skin color)

Answer 17

Photometer: Upright box for better qualification of color

Question 18

J.C. Prichard (Hair texture)

Answer 18

Claimed hair of the black man was different from any other races/ hair was like wool and not “regular” hair

Question 19

Pruner Bay & categories of hair texture)

Answer 19

Claimed hair can determine race/ Classified hair in 3 categories:

1) short, fleecy, black, holly
2) long, cylindrical, black horse mane
3) wavy, curly, smooth, every shade

Question 20

Louis Sullivan (lips & hair)

Answer 20

Claimed straight hair was natural hair/ Made illustration of thickness of lips (thin, medium, thick, very thick)

Question 21

Melville Herskovits

Answer 21

Anthropologist; book titled “The Anthropometry of the American Negro”; One of the problems in America is the association with black people/ developed brass instruments for physical elements of negroes (students from Harvard & NYU)

Question 22

Anthropometer

Answer 22

Measures stature or sitting height

Question 23

Spreading Caliper

Answer 23

Used to measure distances between two points separated by a protruding shape (cranial dimensions)

Question 24

Sliding Caliper

Answer 24

Measured small linear dimensions

Question 25

Racial Classification Laws

Answer 25

Even an 8th drop of black (great grandparent) makes someone black

Question 26

Miscegenation Laws

Answer 26

Law that forbidden interracial marriage; the penalty was weighed on the black significant other)

Question 27

Mulatto

Answer 27

Pure White & Pure Black 1/2 Black 1/2 White

Question 28

Quadroon

Answer 28

Mulatto & Pure White 3/4 White 1/4 Black

Question 29

Octoroon

Answer 29

Pure White & Quadroon 7/8 White 1/8 Black

Question 30

Sambo (Ferguson added this)

Answer 30

Pure Black and Mulatto 1/4 White 3/4 Black

Question 31

Crane & 5 Categories of Skin Color

Answer 31

``` So light Very Light Medium Dark Very Dark Pitch Black ```

Question 32

Wade Nobles (Black)

Answer 32

Claimed social science research is and has been used as a tool of oppression OR Scientific colonialism

Question 33

Scientific Colonialism

Answer 33

Political control of knowledge; falsifying information to advance a particular group's agenda

Question 34

Unsophisticated Falsification

Answer 34

The attempt to erase and disguise African organs and history

Question 35

Integrated Modification

Answer 35

Adding information to already existing ideas that distorts the original meaning

Question 36

Conceptual Incarceration

Answer 36

Narrow minded in terms of information being viewed in a single perspective and excluding other world views

Question 37

Curtis Banks (Black) & Black psych in three critical methods

Answer 37

Deconstructionist Response: Attempts to EXPOSE errors and weakness in traditional psych (deconstructing what's already built) Reconstructionist Response: CORRECTING errors in western psychology Constructionist Response: Promote welfare of Blacks

Question 38

Thomas Gordon & the 4 basic problems with social science research

Answer 38

1) Ethics (Researchers not offering explanation) 2) Methodological weaknesses (Researcher causes change in comm.) 3) Conceptual limitations (Deviance vs. Difference centered & Victim vs. System centered ) 4) Political Factors (research can affect politics &who gets resources)

Question 39

Nativistic Themes (Galton)

Answer 39

Human difference is the result of nature rather than nurture/ society

Question 40

Social Darwinism

Answer 40

Taking the biological theory of "survival of the fittest" and applying it to social concepts of why "black people don't survive in society"

Question 41

Galton's Eugenics

Answer 41

promoted the idea of racial improvement through selective mating and sterilization of the "unfit"

Question 42

Selective Heredity

Answer 42

Racial improvement through selective mating

Question 43

Miscegenation laws

Answer 43

prohibits interracial marriage

Question 44

Sterilization Laws

Answer 44

Gave state to forcibly sterilize someone deemed unfit to procreate

Question 45

McDougall Theory of Instincts

Answer 45

Inborn, unlearned response tendencies determines social behavior

Question 46

Mendel & Theory of Genetics

Answer 46

Physical features determine internal feature (Small head= less intelligent)

Question 47

Three Basic Models of Research

Answer 47

1) Inferiority Models: ALL blacks are inferior to whites 2) Deficiency Models: Blacks are deficient w/ respect to intelligence, perceptual skills, etc. (*Black Matriarchy Models* Black women advancing more than black men) 3) Multicultural Models: Each culture has strengths and limitations

Question 48

Eight Value Systems

Answer 48

Black and white people valued the same things in different ways 1) Self 2) Feelings 3) Survival 4) Language 5) Time&Space 6) Universe 7) Death 8) Worth

Question 49

Charles Thomas (Black)

Answer 49

First black psychologist to break away from APA/ encouraged community engagement, racial awareness, and instructive intervention

Question 50

William Cross (Black)

Answer 50

Proposed Nigrescence: process of being black/ Deconstructionist Response

Question 51

Thomas Hilliard (Black)

Answer 51

Black defendants and often seen as anti-social, sociopathic, to psychopathic

Question 52

Joseph White (Black)

Answer 52

Suggests we need a black frame of reference/ Reconstructionist Response

Question 53

Bobby Wright (Black)

Answer 53

Claimed black suicide was up because of systematic destruction of the Black mind; Mentacide: a systematic & intentional undermining of a person's conscious mind/ Reconstructionist

Question 54

Lewis King

Answer 54

Claimed men of racist inclination twisted science/ Reconstructionist

Question 55

Naim Akbar

Answer 55

Religious and cultural beliefs are critical to the constructive's understanding of black behaviors/ Constructionist

Question 56

Wade Nobles (IMPORTANT)

Answer 56

The notion of black people with low self esteem needs to be challenged

Question 57

Inferiority Model

Answer 57

Claims that blacks are intellectually, physically, and mentally inferior to whites

Question 58

Deprivations Model

Answer 58

Blacks are deficient in regard to intelligence, perceptual skills, cognitive styles, family structure, etc.

Question 59

Multicultural Model

Answer 59

Behaviors, lifestyles, languages, etc can only be judged as appropriate or inappropriate within a specific cultural context

Question 60

Ori-ire

Answer 60

Consciousness is aligned with your destiny, you have a purpose

Question 61

Sankofa

Answer 61

symbol of bird with head turned behind it to fetch the essence of life an culture

Question 62

Sakhu

Answer 62

Illumination of soul and spirit