Incorrect Lesson Starters VH Flashcards
(304 cards)
1
Q
ipsilateral
A
same side
2
Q
contralateral
A
opposite side
3
Q
ETOH
A
alcohol
4
Q
function of smooth muscles
A
movement of substances eg,intestines
5
Q
apoptosis
A
natural cell death
6
Q
lymphodema
A
swelling of body due to lymph being blocked
7
Q
gasesous exchange
A
movement of 02 and CO2 from high to low concentration PASSIVE
8
Q
structure of a smooth muscle
A
non striated involuntary
9
Q
function of epithelial tissue
A
absorb vitamin D
protect int + ext enviro
10
Q
structure of serous membrane
A
visceral - outside organ
parietal - inside organ
11
Q
function of SA node
A
signals causing atria to contract
12
Q
-plasty
A
surgical repair
13
Q
cardiac conduction pathway
A
SA Node - AV node - bundle of his - bundle branches - purkinje fibres
14
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
15
Q
what is auscultation
A
listening to heart and breath via a stethoscope
16
Q
function of spongy bone
A
haemopoesis - production of RBC in bone marrow
17
Q
structure of skeletal muscle
A
voluntary / non striated
18
Q
-graph
A
instrument that records
19
Q
-genesis
A
formation
20
Q
structure of capillaries
A
one cell thick / thin wall
21
Q
haematopoiesis
A
production of RBC
22
Q
-osis
A
abnormal condition
23
Q
HT
A
hypertension
24
Q
structure of long bone
A
has a shaft / compact + cancellous
25
function of chordae tendianae
opne and close valves of heart
26
-stenosis
narrowing
27
thromboytes
blood clotting cells/platelets
28
haemostasis
prevention of bleleding
29
thrombosis
conditions of blood clots
30
WB
weight bearing
31
structure of RBC
biconcave / no nucleus
32
H/O
handover
33
metaplasia
change in cell/tissue
34
NAD
no abnormalities detected
35
STI
soft tissue injury
sexually transmitted infection
36
O/A
on admissionb
37
structure of parietal pleura
double layered sac
furtherest from lungs
38
D&D
dehydration and diarrhoea
39
-otomy
surgical incision
40
S/B
seen by
41
Rx
prescription
42
ischaemia
lack of blood flow to part of body
43
SOBAR
shortness of breath at rest
44
LOW
loss of weight
45
eu-
good/normal
46
structure of synovial joints
structure bw joints including ligaments, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsule
47
C/W
consistent With
48
haematoma
mass of blood cells OUTSIDE of blood vessel
49
function of mitochondrion
create aerobic respiration
50
-ism
condition/process
51
-genic
causing
52
gaseous exch
P/A
⬆️/⬇️ concentration gradient
movement of ...
P
⬇️
02/c02
53
osmosis
P/A
⬆️/⬇️ concentration gradient
movement of ...
P
⬇️
H20
54
active transport
P/A
⬆️/⬇️ concentration gradient
movement of ...
A
⬆️
ions, glucose, amino acids
55
passive movements
X effort from injured area
56
purpose of active movements
⬆️ strength
57
purpose of passive movements
⬆️mobility
58
hypoxic
condition of low 02
59
structure if tendons
muscle into collagen
60
function of ligaments
stability
61
gait
way of walking
62
structure of hair
long protein / keratin
63
function of sebaceous gland
release sebum into skin surface
64
before meals
A/C
65
-stasis
stoppage of the normal flow
66
valves structure
thick walls, valves
67
thrombosis
condition of blood clot
68
angioplasty
Surgical repair of blood vessel
69
haemolysis
burst of RBC
70
hemiplegia
paralysis on 1 side of body
71
hemiparesis
weakness in 1 side of body
72
Chondr/o
cartilage
73
Sx
symptoms/surgery
74
mucociliary escalator
s+f
s) hair like projections
f) to move foreign particles in mucous out of resp syst
75
how does the s) of the alveoli help to improve diffusion
s) one cell thick / ⬆️ surface area
f) ⬆️ efficient diffusion
76
inspiration
Diaphragm + intercostal muscles = CONTRACT
Ribcage = move ⬇️
Lungs = expands
Volume = ⬆️
Intrapulmonary pressure = ⬇️
Air = IN
77
expiration
Diaphragm + intercostal muscles = RELAX
Ribcage = move ⬆️
Lungs = relax
Volume = ⬇️
Intrapulmonary pressure = ⬆️
Air = OUT
78
functions of urinary system
-filter waste, toxins and excess water from blood via urine (to produce and excrete urine)
-regulate fluid and electrolytes (BP regulation)
-maintain homeostasis via pH reg
79
f of kidneys
- remove wastes from body via urine
- pH regulation
- electrolyte and fluid balance
- produce renin
80
filtration process
1) Glomerulus = push out small molecules thru capillary walls to BC eg. glucose/amino acids
2) PCT = reabsorbs substances eg. glucose/amino acids from filtrate back into blood
3) DLoH = reabsorbs water
4) ALoH = reabsorbs salts
5) DCT = secretion of ions and blood back into filtrate to become urine
6) transports urine to ureter
81
ADH dehydration (low water)
⬆️ ADH =
⬆️ permbility of CT =
⬆️ water reabsorb =
⬆️ water in blood =
concentrated urine
82
ADH well-hydrated (high water)
⬇️ ADH =
⬇️ permbility of CT =
⬇️ water reabsorb =
⬇️ water in blood =
diluted urine
83
Adolsterone HYPOtenstion (dehydrated)
Aldosterone stim = ⬆️ renin
⬆️ sodium + water reabsorb =
⬆️ blood vol
⬆️ bp
84
Adolsterone HYPERtenstion (well-hydrated)
Aldosterone inhibited = ⬇️ renin
⬇️ sodium + water reabsorb =
⬇️ blood vol
⬇️ bp
85
ANP HYPOtenstion (dehydrated)
ANP stim =
⬇️ sodium + water reabsorb =
⬇️ blood vol
⬇️ bp
86
ANP HYPERtenstion (well-hydrated)
ANP inhibited =
⬆️ sodium + water reabsorb =
⬆️ blood vol
⬆️ bp
87
blood glucose regulation
HIGH BGL
⬆️ BGL detected =
pancreas ⬆️ release of insulin
= glucose into cells
=⬇️ BGL to WNL
88
blood glucose regulation
LOW BGL
⬇️ BGL detected =
pancreas ⬆️ release of glucagon
glucagon break down into = glucose
excess glucose = glycogen in liver
=⬆️ BGL to WNL
89
functions of the digestive system
break down food chem and mech to absorb nutrients and excrete waste products
90
Digestion stages
1. ingestion = intake sub
2. propulsion = move food along alimentary tract
3. digestion = break down LG insoluble into SML soluble molecules
4. absorption = move food into blood/lymph from small intestine
5. assimilation = movem of molecules from blood into cells
6. elimination = removal of wastes via faeces
91
bile s+F
s) water, mucous,bilirubin,salts
f) disgest insoluble fatty acids
92
enzymes - PEPSIN
produced by/breakdown/whereacts
P/B = sotmach
B/D = protein
W/A = stomach
93
enzymes - AMALySE
produced by/breakdown/whereacts
P/B = salivary glands
B/D = starch
W/A = mouth
94
enzymes - LIPASE
produced by/breakdown/whereacts
P/B = pancreas
B/D = lipids
W/A = duodenum
95
vili. s + f
s) one cell thick
f) absorb nutrients in small intestine
96
defecation reflex
stretch receptors in rectum stem NS☞ contraction of rectal muscles ☞ relaxation of sphincters
97
faeces formation
chime enters colon ☞ water salts reabsorbed into CV system ☞ compacted into semi-solid stool
98
lacteal
S- vili
L- found in small intestine
F- absorb fats and return to lymphatic/CV system
99
phrenic
pertaining to the diaphragm
100
f of cutaneous tissue
to prevent entry of foreign particles
101
colonoscopy
process of visually examining the colon via an endoscope
102
relationship bw lymphatic digestive and CV syst
all work together tot absorb fats to be used by the body.
lacteal is within the small intestine which absorbs and breaks down fats to be returned to CV system
103
thru the stomach
transgastric
104
hematopoeisis
formation of RBC
105
surgical removal of adenoids
adenoidectomy
106
lymphopenia
abn. cond. of decifency of RBC
107
pop
plaster of Paris
108
diff bw plasma, tissue fluid and lymph
plasma= in the blood
tissue fluid = surrounding tissues
lymph = in lymph vessels
109
relationship bw immune and respiratory
both aim to protect the body
Salivary glands consist of mucociliary escalators to remove foreign particles from the body then immune system 1st LOD can trap these pathogens
110
pertaining to the head
cephalic
111
abn. narrowinfing of an artery
aterioSTENOSIS
112
DBP
diastolic blood pressure
113
relationship bw integumentary system and skeletal
both protect int organs
integ syst = skinthen can prev entry from ext enviro and skel = bones prevent damage eg. ribs/lungs
114
superficial
towards the skim
115
cancer of the connective tissue
sarcoma
116
involuntary urination
incontinence
117
excessive concentration fo sodium in blood
hypernatremia
118
abnormal swelling in wall of blood vessel
aneurysm
119
review abbreviation
RV
120
rship bw rest and musc syst
both allow for movement
RS gets 02 in then can be transported to muscles so ten can uses it to contact and prod movement
121
structure of a long bone
a shaft/ compact and cancellous
122
f of mitochondria
allow for aerobic respiration
123
thrombosis
condition of blood clotq
124
surgical repair of blood vessel
ANGIOPLASTY
125
burst of RBC
haemolysis
126
paralysis of one side if the body
hemiplegia
127
hemiparesis
weakness in one side of the body
128
intersitial
pertaining to bw cell tissue
129
-ism
condition/process
130
pil
hair
131
-plasty
surgical reapir
132
-genic
causing
133
hypoxic
abn. condition of low 02
134
athroscopy
visual examination of a joint
135
Rx
presctiption
136
haematoma
pmass of blood cells OUTSIDE blood vessel
137
process of osmosis
movement of water from ⬆️☞⬇️ conc
138
structure of serous membrane
part of epithelial tissue membrane, double layered sac, parietal + visceral
139
active transport
active. ⬆️ concentration gradient. ions,glusoce,amino acids
140
structure of tendons
muscle into collagen
141
f of ligaments
stability of joints
142
s of hair
protein/keratin
143
f of sebaceous gland
release sebum into skin
144
hyperkaldaemia
excessive concentration of potassium in the blood
145
cavity containing the heart and the lungs
thoracic
146
condition resulting from a lack of iron in erythrocytes
anaemia
147
rhythmic contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that lines the walls of the digestive organs
peristalsis
148
low production of urine
diguria
149
condition of being w out menstruation
amenorrhoea
150
diahorrea meaning
complete d/c
151
f of the lungs in homeostasis
exhale CO2 which helps maintain blood pH
152
7/24
7 hours
153
surgical removal of an ovary
oophorectomy
154
collection of air in the pleural cavity
pneumothorax
155
cancerous tomou in the brain
encephaloma
156
stiffing or hardening of the artery walls
arteriosclerosis
157
surgical removal of the uterus
hysterectomy
158
narrow portion of the long bone bw epiphysis and the diaphysis
metaphysis
159
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
160
hypoxia
low 02
161
anoxia
no 02
162
apocrine gland
sweat glands that open for hair follicle
163
purpose of passive exercise
mobility
164
purpose of active exercise
strength
165
ship bw digestive and urinary systems
both aim to remove wastes from the body
US excretes uria/H+ions/excess water thru urine once its passed thru kid and filtered by DS excrete still which has been composed of left over substances including water not absorbed by intestine
166
structure if the trachea
cartilaginous rings bw larynx and bronchus
167
function of kidney in maintaining homeostasis
maintaining blood volume levels WNl and maintain bp by ↑ water and salt reabsorb into blood by endocrine syst (ANP/ADH/Aldosterone)
168
r/ship bw immune and lymphatic syst
both sim to protect the body against infection
both B + T lymphocytes (WBCs) in lymphatic system then use to help in 3rd LOD
169
inflammation of the tonsils
tonsilitis
170
surgical removal of a breast
mastectomy
171
lower than normal no. of RBCs
anaemia
172
abn level of cells
dysplasia
173
low no. of cells in organ or tissue
hypoplasia
174
incomplete development of an organ or tissue
APLASIA
175
surgical repair of the septum
septoplasty
176
pnuemoconiosis
abn condition of dust in the luNGS
177
aphyxia
deficiency of 02 in the blood and ↑ co2 in the lungs
178
D.O.E
DYPONEA ON exertion
179
EUA
examination under anaesthetic
180
root term - POD
foot
181
disease causing agent
pathogen
-pathy
182
hardening of arteries caused by fatty plaque
athlerosclerosis
183
root term - SPHYGM
pulse
184
abornmal condition of low bone density
osteopenia
185
s of smooth muscle
invol / non-striated
186
process of glomerular filtration
occurs in the nephron as part of urine formation
glomerulus = pushes out smaller molecules due to high pressure eg. glucose thru to Bowmans capsule → prox convoluted tubule = reabsorbs subs eg. glucose from filtrate back into blood → descending L.O.H = reabsorbs h20 →ascending L.O.H = reabsorbs salts → dist CT = secretion of ions from blood back into filtrate to become urine → collecting duct =transport urine to ureter
187
rship bw muscular and respiratory syst
both work together for inspiration
bc the intercostal and diaphragm contracts (musc syst) then ribcage can move ↓, ↓ intrapulmonary pressure and ↑ thoracic volume so air can come in
188
WNL temperature
36.5℃-37.5℃
189
WNL bp adults
120/mmHg
190
pro-
before/forward
191
-malacia
softening of tissue
192
laryngoscopy
process of visually examining the larynx via an endoscope
193
a method for measuring oxygen saturation of arterial blood
oximetry
194
a/vasc/ular
w out blood vessels
195
function of the axon in a nerve cell
to carry nerve impulses
196
rship bw immune and resp
both work to trap pathogens
bc mucous membrane traps inhaled pathogens
then 2nd LOD destroy and remove pathogens eg via coughing up
so pathogens cause no further damage in the body
197
ASU
acute surgical unit
198
epi-
on/above
199
pericardiocentesis
surgical puncture into the fluid surrounding the heart
200
heat / ur / ia
abnormal condition of blood in the urine
201
colo / stomy
surgical opening into the coloN
202
haemat / o / poiesis
formation of blood vessels
203
sigmoid colon
end part of colon/large intesrstine
204
ship bw urinary and nervous syst
both work together to control voiding
NS controls sphincters to prevent/allow urination
then US allows bladder to empty
so voiding can occur
205
-sis
process
206
-centesis
puncturing
207
-osis
state of
208
angi (root term)
blood vessel
209
bil.
bilateral
210
CBR
complete bed rest
211
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
212
U/O
urinary ouput
213
pan-
whole
214
syn-
joined together
215
inside,within
INTRA-
216
protein
globin-
217
-al
pertaining to
218
surgical repair of the skin
dermoplasty
219
intradermal
pert to within the skin
220
lymph / o / penia
deficiency of WBCs
221
tachy / card / ia
abn cons of fast HR
222
arrythmia
irregular heart beat
223
structure of serous membrane
double layered, visceral (deep(outside of organ)) parietal (superficial (inside of cavity)
224
f of ,mucous membrane
lubrication and trap pathogens
225
ship bw digestive and CV syst
both tport nutrients
bc DS breaks down food
then it can be absorbed into the blood + tported around body
so vital organs can use the nutrients
226
structure of a nerve cell
dendrite - cell body - axon (covered by myelin sheath) - axon terminal
227
process of a baroreceptor
↓HR + Q →vasodilation = ↓Bp
↑HR + Q →vasoconstriction = ↑Bp
228
rship bw muscular and skeletal syst
both work together in vol movement
bc skeletal muscles eg.bicep contract pulling on bones via tendons eg. radium then they can create movement eg. elbow flexion
229
cyst (root term)
bladder
230
-penia
deficiency
231
-ic
pertaining to
232
chondritis
inflammation of cartilage
233
osteomalacia
softening of bones
234
myasthenia graves
chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease causing weakness of skeletal muscles
235
MH
mental health
236
Ix
investigation
237
spirometer tests for..
lung capacity
238
hand washing should go for...
30-40sec
239
components of digestive syst
mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, large intestines (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon) sigmoid colon, rectum, anus.
240
function of the nephron in maintaining homeostasis
glomerulus pushes out substance (due to ↑ pressure)
filtered thru Bowmans capsule
prox C.T reabsorbs subs eg. glucose
↓ L.O.H reabsorbs water
↑L.O.H reabsorbs salts
dist C.T secretes ions from blood back into filtrate to become urine
urethra excretes urine
241
what is an aneurysm
swelling or bulge of RBCS
242
de-
down
243
ecto-
outside
244
-pepsia
digestion
245
rraphy
surgical suture
246
tumour of the meninges
meningioma
247
surgical removal of removal of nerves
neuroectomy
248
erythr (root term)
red
249
cephalgia
pain in head
250
dermatoheteroplasty
dermat
heter
o
plasty
surgical repair using other skin
251
diastolic bp
DBP
252
SHL
sudden hearing loss
253
TV
tidal volume
254
BPM
beats per minute
255
AF
arterial fibrillation
256
SL
sublingual
257
hb
Haemoglobin
258
-scope
instrument of recording
259
over-inflation or destruction of alveolar wall causing decreased elasticity and decreased gas exchange
emphysema
260
peritoneum
serous membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
261
leukaemia
lack of WBCs
262
neuroma
tumor of nerve tissues
263
pulm gasesous exch
occurs @ lungs
02 = ↑conc@alveloi →↓concentration in blood
c02 = ↑ conc@blood→↓concentration in tissues
264
incision into bone
osteotomy
265
dysarthria
abn cond of difficulty producing speech
266
function of a spetum
seperate two parts of organ eg. L And R sides of heartq
267
hyperleukocytosis
A state of high amount of white blood cells
268
orch/o
testicles
269
crypt
hidden
270
Presby
aging
271
osmia
smell
272
dyspepsia
abn cond of painful digestion
273
oligopnoea
abn cond of irregular breathing
274
nephrolithiasis
state of kidney stones
275
Orch
Testicle
276
Crypt
Hidden
277
Resby
Aging
278
Osmis
Smell
279
Glossoplegia
Paralysis of the tounge
280
Oligmenorrhoea
Irreg menstruation
281
Vaginoperineorraphy
Surg repair of a laceration of vagina and perinuem
282
Rx
Prescription
283
blood clot in a blood vessel
embolism
284
disease of many nerves
polyneuropathy
285
instrument to record
-graphy
286
absence of o2 in blood
anoxia
287
atherlosclerosis
hardening due to build up of plaque on artery wall
288
hypoplasia
underdevelopment of a tissue
289
metaplasia
change in cells
290
dysplasia
abn change in cells
291
neoplasia
new cells
292
apoptosis
natural cell death
293
atrophy
lack of cell growth
294
coccyx
coccyx
295
f of hormones
to send chemical mess to organ and tissues via blood
296
blood cloy in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs
pulmonary embolism
297
reduced movement
bradykinesia
298
rapid shallow breathing
tachypnoea
299
accumulation of fluid causing swelling in an area of the body
oedema
300
scope
instrument to vis examine
301
scopy
process of vis examining
302
graph
record of
303
graphy
process of recoring
304
Hag
hunger
