ind 712 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

When considering MSD risk factors designers often want to know the ‘red’ line
where MSD risk changes from safe to the danger zone. What is the problem with this request?

a) There is no safe level of exposure to risk factors
b) Risk decreases steadily across the exposure range
c) Risk from exposure is non-linear
d) Risk increases continually with the amount of exposure

risk from exposure is non-linear

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which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario?
You are trying to understand the lines of sight a production employee will have when assembling a large, complex product based on your 3D specifications.

a) A simple digital human model (e.g. WATBAK)
b) A context specific checklist
c) A Questionnaire for the affected workers
d) Interviews with stakeholders
e) A complex digital human model (e.g. Jack)

a complex digital human model (e.g Jack)

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MSDs can occur even when handling very low loads when repetitions are high and the time between cycles is short. This can be explained by:

a) The “Goldilocks Hypothesis.”
b) The “Cinderella Hypothesis.”
c) Employee lack of fitness
d) The repetitions effect

d) the repetitions effect

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what are the sources of MSD’s in the workplace?
check all that apply:
-vibration
-engineering
- repetitive movements
- force
- prolonged efforts
-posture

All but engineering

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Check all that apply: who experiences financial losses due to occupational MSDs at a given
company?
❏ The company
❏ Employees
❏ Society
❏ Labour lawyers

All but labour lawyers

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What happens to the costs for implementing ergonomics considerations during the design process as you go from requirements to running operations?

a) Costs are generally the same
b) Costs increase linearly
c) Costs increase exponentially
d) Costs decrease linearly

c) costs increase exponentially

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When you bend forwards you create a number of forces in the lumbar spine.
In what axis is the force along the length of the spine called?

a) Compression
b) Moment
c) Bending
d) Shear
e) Tension

a) compression

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Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario?
You want to do a quick, systematic scan of a workplace that can inform you of a range of different types of HF-related problems.

a) A context-specific checklist
b) Interviews with stakeholders
c) A Questionnaire for the affected workers
d) A simple digital human model (e.g. WATBAK)
e) A complex digital human model (eg. Jack

a) A context-specific checklist

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In terms of societal costs; Which public health problem do work related ill health problems match for total cost?
a) Heart diseases
b) All cancers combined
c) HIV/AIDS
d) Alzheimers disease

b) all cancers combined

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This form of loading is affected by posture and hand forces, but not repetitions
a) Risk factor load
b) Cumulative load
c) Peak load
d) Lateral load

c) Peak load

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Psychosocial factors are:
a) Unquantifiable indicators of the social workplace
b) Objective measures of the psychological work environment
c) Subjective perceptions of the work environment
d) Social aspects of the psychological work demands

c) subjective perceptions of the work environment

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INCLUSIVE DESIGN is about ensuring the perceptual, mental, and physical demands that a design places on users can accommodate the capabilities of:
a) As many people as feasible
b) Everyone
c) 5th to 95th percentile
d) 1st to 99th percentile

B) everyone

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In terms of visual perception: visual discrimination becomes difficult when contrast is low. What is contrast!
a) The difference in colour between two objects
b) The difference in brightness between two objects
c) The use of black-white or similar in a display
d) The extent to which a target object stands out from its background

b) The difference in brightness between two objects

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Glare can make it difficult to see an object. What is glare?
a) When light reflects on a screen
b) Excess contrast in the visual field
c) Excessive brightness in the visual field
d) When light shines directly into your eye

c) Excessive brightness in the visual field

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In Reason’s terminology of error, errors in performing a task are called:
a) Slips
b) Mode errors
c) Lapses
d) Mistakes

a) slips

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An employee describes the problem they experiences in replacing a part during a routine airplane maintenance task. This is an example of:
a) A subjective, qualitative indicator
b) An objective, qualitative indicator
c) An objective, quantitative indicator
d) A subjective, quantitative indicator

a) A subjective, qualitative indicator

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Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario?
You are starting a project and trying to understand the human factors problems faced by employees in different parts of the operations.
a) A simple digital human model (e.g. WATBAK)
b) A context specific checklist
c) Interviews with stakeholders
d) A complex digital human model (eg. Jack)
e) A Questionnaire for the affected workers

c) Interviews with stakeholders
e) A Questionnaire for the affected workers

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What are the critical dimensions you must attend to when you consider Human Factors in industrial ergonomics?
a) Sensing, thinking, deciding, feelings
b) Perception, cognition, motor, psychosocial
c) Vision, cognitive, motor, emotional
d) Vision, cognitive, perception, emotional

b) Perception, cognition, motor, psychosocial

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The condition of psychosocial “Job-Strain” in the workplace is related to:
a) Low control and high support
b) High demands and high support
c) High demands and low control
d) Low demands and high support
e) Low demands and high control

c) high demands and low control

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If you design for the 90%ile based on height and reach dimensions; how many people do you exclude in your design? (choose the best answer)
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 90%
d) 5%
e) 22%

a) 10%

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Which of these methods is best suited to break down a job into its main goals and component steps to isolate potentially problematic work elements?
a) RULA Checklist
b) Process Flow charts
c) WATBAK biomechanics model
d) Hierarchical Task Analysis

d) Hierarchical Task Analysis

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The cable insertion force in an assembly task is 34.2 Newtons. This is an example of:
a) A subjective, quantitatiVe indicator
b) A subjective, qualitative indicator
c) An objective, quantitative indicator
d) An objective, qualitative indicator

c) An objective, quantitative indicator

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Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario?
You want a gender specific limit level for box weights in a palletizing task for your warehouse.
a) Warehouse Ergonomics Assessment Tool (WEAT)
b) WATBAK
c) ONIOSH
d) RULA
e) SNOOK

a) Warehouse Ergonomics Assessment Tool (WEAT)

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When you determine the layout of controls for your equipment, you are also
determining the users’… (choose all that apply)
a) Perceptual capability
b) Mental demands
c) Muscle endurance
d) Wage costs
e) Posture
f) Fit & reach

a) Perceptual capability
b) mental demands
e) posture
f) fit & reach

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What are the primary goals of ergonomics according to the International Ergonomics Association? (select 2) a) Improved Quality b) Human Safety c) System Productivity d) System Performance e) Operator well being f) Operator Performance

b) Human safety e) operator well being

What is the problem with designing your workstation based on the 50%ile anthropometrics? a) No one is average in all dimensions b) Employees may not reach or fit c) employees over the 50%ile will be injured d) The design costs more than designing for the 5%ile

a) no one is average in all dimensions

Which of these is NOT a good way to reduce the difficulty of an order-picking task in a warehouse? a) avoid high placements b) avoid low placements c) decrease lifting frequency d) allow large boxes

d) allow large boxes

Which assessment method can help you determine the appropriate design for a cart-pushing task? a) The warehouse ergonomics checklist b) NIOSH equation c) Snook tool d) RULA

Snook tool

When you look at the total costs of occupational ill health - caused but he design of work - the costs are equivalent to which public health problem? a) Liver disease b) Alzheimer's c) Cancer d) AIDS

c) cancer

Which of these factors are industrial engineers LEAST able to influence when deigning manual material handling tasks? a) Cognitive task demands b) Worker physical capacity c) Physical task demands d) Psychosocial work environment

a) Cognitive task demands

Which of these is NOT a way to reduce the difficulty of carton handling task? a) increase weight b) increase proximity c) ensure contents are stable d) improve grip-ability

a) increase weightt

What distribution function best describes the distribution of people's ability to lift materials? a) Ability distribution b) Log Distribution c) Exponential distribution d) Normal distribution

d) Normal Distribution

Having dirty or dusty boxes that must be handled for a retail store stocking task may: a) make no difference to spinal loading b) decrease loading as people move faster c) increase load as people hold the box further away d) increase loading as people grip harder

d) Increase loading as people grip harder

Someone has a work related MSD and this leads to hiring a replacement worker while they are off work. This lost contribution can be considered a: a) Product cost of MSD b) Individual cost of MSD c) Direct cost of MSD d) Societal cost of MSD e) Company cost of MSD

e) company cost of MSD

Using large pallets & crates along the line in multi-variant production can lead to: a) Fewer replenishments for each box b) Increased time spent walking and carrying c) Higher efficiency in production d) Awkward postures reaching into the box e) Simpler racking systems along the line

b) Increased time spent walking and carrying

Which of these strategies can help decrease the stress of a manual material handling task? a) Decrease recovery time b) Avoid twisting postures c) Reduce distances d) Provide close supervision e) Lower instead of lift

b) avoid twisting postures c) Reduce distances e) Lower instead of lift

Which of these costs from workplace injuries are born by those outside the company? a) Quality costs from errors in production b) Lost work wages c) Pain and suffering costs d) Early retirement costs e) Employee turnover costs f) Training costs

c) Pain and suffering costs

Which of these load aspects are NOT considered by the Snook tool? a) Reach distance 5 b) Duration of the push c) Vertical distance lifted d) Asymmetry of the lift e) Walking distance of the carry

c) Vertical distance lifted

Place these strategies for reducing manual material handling risks for employees in sequence or their effectiveness (most effective first) Pages: 4 Train workers on proper lifting technique 2 Reduce object weights 1 Automate the material handling 3 Make the objects easier to grasp

1. Automate the material handling 2. Reduce object weights 3. Make the objects easier to grasp 4. Train workers on proper lifting technique

Which of these are benefits you might realize when applying HF in operations system design in manufacturing? a) Improved productivity b) Improved product usability c) Better company image d) Reduced wage rates e) Shorter lead time f) reduced material cost

a)Improved productivity b) Improved product usability c) Better company image

In the Healthcare simulation guest talk; which type of Human Factors concern? a) Biomechanical loading b) Psychosocial aspects c) Perceptual Concerns d) Patient Acuity e) Physical Risk Factors

b) Psychosocial aspects

Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario? You are starting a project and trying to understand the human factors problems faced by employees in different parts of the operations. a) A simple digital human model (e.g. WATBAK) b) A context specific checklist c) Interviews with stakeholders d) A complex digital human model (eg. Jack) e) A Questionnaire for the affected workers

c) interviews with stakeholders

Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario? You want to do a quick, systematic scan of a workplace that can inform you of a range of different types of HF-related problems. a) A context-specific checklist b) Interviews with stakeholders c) A Questionnaire for the affected workers d) A simple digital human model (e.g. WATBAK) e) A complex digital human model (eg. Jack)

a) A context-specific checklist

In the healthcare simulation guest talk, how were models used to understand nurse workload? a) Agent based modeling provided time information and WATBAK provided load amplitude information b) Discrete event simulation provided time information and WATBAK provided load amplitude information. c) Agent based modeling simulation provided workload information and WATBAK provided cumulative load estimates d) Discrete event simulation provided walking patterns and WATBAK provided cumulative load estimates

c) Agent based modeling simulation provided workload information and WATBAK provided cumulative load estimates

You are designing seats for a stadium and trying to determine how wide to make each seat. What anthropometrics do you need to check? a) Hip width of the 95%ile male b) Identify the widest dimension from both genders c) Elbow width for both males and females d) Hip width of the 5%ile female e) Identify the widest dimension from males (they are larger)

a) Hip width of the 95%ile male

Applying HF in early system design stages can make applying HF... A. Easier to implement with fewer constraints B. Harder to implement with more constraints C. Easier to implement with more details of the design D. More expensive than retrolifting

A. Easier to implement with fewer constraints

What is the problem with designing your workstation based on the 50%ile anthropometrics? A. The design costs more than designing for the 5%ile B. No one is average in all dimensions C. Employees over the 50%ile will be injured D. Employees may not reach or fit

B. No one is average in all dimensions D. Employees may not reach or fit

What impacts do your anthropometric choices in workstation design have on employees? A. It determines the cost of the design process B. It affects operational costs C. It affects employee wellbeing D. It determines who is excluded by your design E. It affects their quality of work

C. It affects employee wellbeing D. It determines who is excluded by your design E. It affects their quality of work

A survey tool, weather (whether) in paper or online formats, is good for gathering information on workplace ergonomics that is: A. Subjective B. Quantitative C. Qualitative D. Objective E. Unbiased

A. Subjective C. Qualitative

Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario? You want to conduct a quick check of shoulder-arm ergonomics for a given workstation on your shop floor. A. NIOSH B. RULA C. SNOOK D. WATBAK E. A Questionnaire for the affected workers

B) RULA

Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario? You are concerned about the weights of roller bins of parts that employees push manually and want to know loads would be safe for at least 90% of the population. A. RULA B. NIOSH C. SNOOK D. WATBAK E. Warehouse Ergonomics Assessment Tool (WEAT)

B) NIOSH

When you reduce the number of different types of fasteners in order to make assembly easier you are reducing: A. Perceptual demands B. Psychosocial demands C. Physical demands D. Mental demands

A. Perceptual demands

In the Healthcare Simulation talk of Dr.Qureshi; Simulation testing showed that as the proportion of COVID positive patients assigned to the nurse increased, their cumulative spinal load would tend to: a) Cumulative Spinal Loading increased b) Nurse satisfaction decreased c) Cumulative spinal loading did not change much d) Cumulative spinal loading decreased e) Nurse satisfaction remained the same f) Nurse satisfaction increased

a) Cumulative Spinal Loading increased

Which of these workstation design choices affects the biomechanical load in mutual material handling tasks? A. Size of object B. Worker technique C. Colour of object D. Object mass E. Location of object

A. Size of object D. Object mass E. Location of object

In the Healthcare Simulation guest talk; the mental workload of nurses was related to which type of Human Factors concern? a. Physical Risk Factors b. Patient Acuity c. Perceptual Concerns d. Psychosocial aspects e. Biomechanical loading

d. Psychosocial aspects

In the healthcare Simulation Guest Talk Dr. Qureshi observed that people tended to focus on the end product - quality of care - without really attending to the factors leading to poor quality a. True b. False

b) False

In the Healthcare Simulation talk of Dr. Qureshi: Simulation testing showed that assigning a nurse beds clustered closely near the nurses station has what effect on nurses cumulative spinal loads a. Cumulative Spinal Loading increased b. Cumulative spinal loading did not change much c. Nurse satisfaction decreased d. Cumulative spinal loading decreased e. Nurse satisfaction increased

b. Cumulative spinal loading did not change much

Place these Six Sigma Project steps in the appropriate sequence 1. Analyze, Verify, Define, Measure, Design

Define, Measure, Analyse, Design, Verify

From the healthcare simulation guest talk; digital human modelling showed that a has a L4/L5 spinal compression of just over 3500 N when helping a patient move from their bed to a wheelchair. This task exceeds: A. The NIOSH Lifting limit B. The NIOSH Action limit C. The NIOSH Maximum permissible limit D. The ergonomics recommended load limit E. The coefficient of risk limit

A. The NIOSH Lifting limit

Which material handling assessment method has gender specific load limits? a. WATBAK b. NIOSH equation c. RULA d. The warehouse ergonomics checklist e. SNOOK tool

a) WATBAK

Someone has a work related MSD and this restricts their ability to participate in volunteer work (like coaching a little-league team). This lose contribution can be considered a: A. Direct cost of MSD B. Company cost of MSD C. Product cost of MSD D. Individual cost of MSD E. Societal cost of MSD

Societal Cost of MSD

Someone has a work-related MSD and this leads to medical compensation costs. This lost contribution can be considered as: A. Direct cost of MSD B. Company cost of MSD C. Product cost of MSD D. Individual cost of MSD E. Societal cost of MSD

A. Direct cost of MSD

From the health care simulation guest talk: digital human modeling showed that a nurse has an l4/l5 spinal compression of just over 6834N when lifting patients head to wipe it with a damp cloth. This task exceeds: a. The NIOSH lifting limit b. The NIOSH Action Limit c. The NIOSH Maximum permissible limit d. The Ergonomics recommended load limit e. The coefficient of risk limit

d. The Ergonomics recommended load limit

From the call centre care study talk: Who were the critical members of a design team as you engage in a new project. (select all that apply) a) Employees b) Engineers c) Supervisors d) Managers e) Maintenance f) Union reps g) Purchasing h) IT developers

a) Employees c) Supervisors d) Managers f) union reps

What type of memory is involved in processing words you hear spoken? a) Episodic Memory b) Procedural memory c) Perceptual Memory d) Semantic Memory

d) Semantic Memory

Why is it harder to evaluate and include ergonomics in earlier design stages A. Early in design there is less information available In design there is no worker to observe B. Design teams can be resistance to considering human factors C. All of the above

c) All of the abovee

An employee scores the difficulty of an assembly task as a 7/10. This is an example of: A. An objective, quantitative indicator B. An objective, qualitative indicator C. An subjective, quantitative indicator D. An objective, quantitative indicator

C. An subjective, quantitative indicator

Who, from the list below, can provide useful information about how to improve the ergonomics in a manufacturing setting? A. Stockholders B. Quality Manager C. Supervisors D. Customers E. Maintenance Employees F. Assembly Operators

all but stockholders and customers

In the context of this course what does MSD stand for? A. Muscle & Skeletal disease B. Muscle strain disorder C. Musculoskeletal disorder D. Muskuloskeletal disorder E. Muscle strain disorder

c) Musculoskeletal disorder

which of these body tissues that migh be affected by an MSD apply) A. Veins B. Nerves C. Elbow D. Wrist E. Fascia

A. Veins B. Nerves E. Fascia

Which of these are body tissues that might be affected by an MSD A. Lower back B. Muscle C. Shoulder D. Ligament E. Tendon

B. Muscle C. Shoulder E. Tendon

Which answer best defines or describes the issue of presenteeism (pick one) A. Costs associated with the at work staffing level B. Losses related to sick staff underperforming at work C. Training and quality losses from replacement workers D. The costs associated with replacing sick workers

B. Losses related to sick staff underperforming at work

Accomodating a wide range in anthropometrics in the design of manufacturing workstations can affect the performance in terms of: (check all that apply) A. Learning rate B. Usability C. Quality D. Product Maintainability E. Injury rates F. Productivity

A. Learning rate C. Quality E. Injury rates F. Productivity

Consider a cube model to help examine MSD risks at work. What does the model say about the different risk factors? A. Risk is exponential B. Risk factors are independent C. Risks add up D. Risks multiply E. Risk factors combine

D. Risks multiply

Consider the cube model to help examine MSD risks at work. What does the model say about the relationship between different risk factors? A. Risks combine exponentially B. Risk adds up C. Risk factors combine D. Risks multiply E. Risk factors are independent

B. Risk adds up

consider a cube. model tp help examine MSD risks a work. wgat are the dimensions of risk in the cube model? A. Time force posture B. Duration force reach C. Weight repetition, duration D. Repetition posture force

C. Weight repetition, duration

What are the "golden rules" of anthropometrics according to Helander? A. Accommodate everyone you can B. Let the tall reach and the small fit C. Fit the small, accommodate the tall D. Let the tall fit and the small reach E. Size for your user group

B. Let the tall reach and the small fit C. Fit the small, accommodate the tall

Why is anthropometry important in the design of industrial systems A. It is measurement of body dimensions B. It lets you know how far the tall can reach C. People vary in size D. It helps you design layout for your operator population

C. People vary in size

When considering MSD risk factors, designers often want to know the "red" line where MSD risk changes from safe to the danger zone. What is the problem with this request? A. Risk increases continually with the amount of exposure B. There is no safe level of exposure to risk factors C. Risk from exposure is non-linear D. Risk decreases steadily across the exposure range

C. Risk from exposure is non-linear

Early warning signs oof stress in the workplace can include:

Sleep disturbances B. Job dissatisfaction C. Upset stomach D. Short temper E. Difficulty in concentrating F. Low morale G. Headache

Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario? You want to understand the range of experiences of employees on a set of specific issues or indicators. A. A complex digital human model B. A questionnaire for the affected workers C. A context specific checklist D. Interviews with stakeholders E. A simple digital human model

B. A questionnaire for the affected workers

Which of these methods is best suited to break down a job into its main goals and component steps to isolate potentially problematic work elements A. Hierarchical task analysis B. RULA checklist C. Process flow charts D. Watbak biomechanics model

A. Hierarchical task analysis

Which method or tool is best suited to the following scenario? You are wanting to conduct a quick check the peak and cumulative load and low back injury risks for an employee engaged in a palletizing task in your workshop. A. A context specific checklist B. A questionnaire for the affected workers C. A simple digital human model (e.g. WATBAK) D. A complex digital human model (e.g. Jack) E. Interviews with stakeholders

C. A simple digital human model (e.g. WATBAK)

ind 712 Flashcards

(84 cards)