Independent Learning--Foot

Question 1

Explain the movements of plantar flexion. Summarize the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation.

Answer 1

moving the foot downward

Toes are flexed

Innervated by tibial nerve (of posterior leg compartment— superficial and deep)

Question 2

Explain movements of dorsiflexion. Summarize the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation.

Answer 2

moving feet upward

toes are extended

part of anterior compartment

innervated by deep fibular nerve

Question 3

Explain movements of dorsiflexion. Summarize the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation.

Answer 3

medial side of the foot comes up

Innervation: Anterior (tibial nerve); Posterior (deep fibular nerve)

Question 4

Explain the movements of eversion. Summarize the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation.

Answer 4

lateral side of the foot comes up

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (fibularis longus, brevis) deep fibular nerve (fibularis tertius)

Lateral Compartment: Fibularis Longus (goes medial to the foot; helps pull the foot down) Fibularis Brevis (goes around the lateral side of the foot, helps with pulling the foot up)

Question 5

The superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg attaches to what?

Answer 5

Gastrocnemius and Soleus attaches at the calcaneus (makes up the achilles/calcaneal tendon)

Plantaris can either join the achilles tendon or it can go directly to the Calcaneus.

Question 6

The deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg attaches to what?

Answer 6

Deep wraps around the medial malleolus and insert on the underside of the foot

Question 7

What is the function of the ankle joint?

Answer 7

dorsiflexion and plantarflex feet

Question 8

What cartilages cover the articular surfaces of the ankle?

Answer 8

Articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage

Question 9

What type of joint is the the ankle joint?

Answer 9

synovial joint/ hinge joint

Question 10

What is the articulation site of the of the ankle joint?

Answer 10

between the talus of the foot and tibia (medial malleolus) and between the talus of the foot and the fibula (lateral malleolus)

Question 11

When is the ankle joint more stable?

Answer 11

In dorsiflexion position

Question 12

What ligaments stabilize the ankle?

Answer 12

Medial (deltoid ligament)

Lateral ligaments

Question 13

Which ligament is large, strong and triangular shaped and above medial malleolus?

Answer 13

the deltoid ligament

Question 14

What are the four parts of the deltoid ligament?

Answer 14

1. Tibionavicular
2. Tibiocalcaneal
3. Posterior Tibiotalar Part
4. Anterior Tibiotalar Part

Question 15

What are the three parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle?

Answer 15

1. Anterior Talofibular Ligament
2. Posterior talofibular ligament
3. Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 16

What is the articulation of the subtalar joint?

Answer 16

Calcaneus and the talus

Question 17

What is the function the the subtalar joint?

Answer 17

gliding and rotation, which are involved in inversion and eversion of the foot

Question 18

What are the ligaments of the subtalar joints?

Answer 18

Lateral, medial, posterior and interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments

Question 19

Subtalar joints are stabilized by:

Answer 19

medial and lateral ligaments

Question 20

Which ligament of the subtalar joint helps prevents inversion injuries/sprains?`

Answer 20

Calcaneofibular Ligament

Question 21

What are sprains of the ankle?

Answer 21

Ligament stretched so much that it tears. This happens when you invert and dorsiflex the foot.

Question 22

What ligaments are most likely to be torn during an inversion sprain?

Answer 22

The anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament

Question 23

Lateral ligament is more likely to be damaged because:

Answer 23

Weaker than the medial Ligaments and resists Inversions

Question 24

If someone foot has been ran over what what kind of fracture can occur?

Answer 24

Talus fracture or midfoot fracture

Question 25

Which lateral ligament is most at risk for irreversible damage?

Answer 25

Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 26

What are the functions of the arches of the foot?

Answer 26

Spread forces of the foot

Question 27

What has the highest arch? medial or lateral?

Answer 27

medial

Question 28

What are the ligaments of arches of the foot?

Answer 28

Calcaneonavicular (spring ligament) Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar ligament) & long plantar ligament

Question 29

Which ligament maintains the longitudinal arches of the foot?

Answer 29

long and short ligaments

Question 30

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis (thickening of the deep fascia of the foot)?

Answer 30

supports the longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 31

The posterior tibial artery continue on and splits at the sole of the foot as what arteries?

Answer 31

Lateral and medial plantar arteries

Question 32

The anterior tibial artery becomes what artery?

Answer 32

Dorsalis pedis artery