India

Question 1

Sikhs mutinied in Malaya

Answer 1

300 Sikhs
Early 1914
Took a Japanese steamer to Canada
Wanted to join Ghadr – an Indian nationalist movement in British Colombia

Question 2

Rising of Ghadrites in Punjab

Answer 2

1915

5000 arrested and 46 hanged

Question 3

Tilak’s Home Rule League

Answer 3

1916

32,000 members

Question 4

Annie Besant’s All-India Home Rule League

Answer 4

1916

Smaller than Tilak’s organisation

Question 5

Lucknow Pact

Answer 5

December 1916
Agreement between Congress and All-India Muslim League
Outlined Indian nationalist aims

Question 6

Terms of the Lucknow Pact

Answer 6

Self-government
Separate electorates for all communities
Provincial legislative councils would have 1/5 appointed and 4/5 elected
Executive and judiciary would be separated

Question 7

Montagu Declaration

Answer 7

20 August 1917
Montagu = current SSI
Promised eventual self-government

Question 8

Defence of India Act

Answer 8

1915
Detention without trial, trial without jury, use of types of evidence that would be illegal in peacetime, two years imprisonment for possessing a seditious paper

Question 9

Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act

Answer 9

1919 - Rowlatt Act
Defence of India Act could be invoked whenever there were anarchical conditions
Opposed by all 22 Indian members of the Indian Legislative Council
Jinnah resigned

Question 10

Jallianwala Bagh meeting/Amritsar Massacre

Answer 10

13 April 1919

Question 11

Gandhi declared a national hartal

Answer 11

6 April 1919

Question 12

National hartal became violent

Answer 12

8 April 1919

Question 13

5 Englishmen killed by a mob

Answer 13

10 April 1919

Question 14

General Dyer and troops arrived in India

Answer 14

11 April 1919

Banned all public meetings and arrested local politicians

Question 15

Number of people meeting in the Jallianwala Bagh

Answer 15

10/20,000

Question 16

Number wounded/killed in Amritsar Massacre

Answer 16

379 killed

1200 wounded

Question 17

Hunter Inquiry quotation on Dyer

Answer 17

‘There could be no question of undue severity’

Question 18

Gandhi quotation following the Amritsar Massacre

Answer 18

‘cooperation…with this satanic government is sinful’

Question 19

Government of India Act 1919

Answer 19

1. Dyarchy in provincial councils
2. 70% of provincial councils would now be elected
3. Central Legislative Council would create Indias laws
4. Central Legislative Council = LA and Council of State
5. Viceroy appointed 41 of the 145 Legislative Assembly members and over half of the 60 Council of State members
6. Viceroy could veto all laws

Question 20

Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement

Answer 20

1919-1921

Question 21

Swaraj

Answer 21

Independence

Question 22

Satyagraha

Answer 22

‘insistence on truth’ - Gandhi’s philosophy

Question 23

Chauri Chaura incident

Answer 23

February 1922
Congress workers in Chauri Chaura torched police stations
3 civilians and 23 policemen died
Caused Gandhi to call off his first civil disobedience campaign

Question 24

Number of people arrested in 1922

Answer 24

30,000 including Gandhi

Question 25

INC growth following Gandhi’s non-cooperation movements

Answer 25

Rose from 100,000 to 2 million

Question 26

Simon Commission

Answer 26

Formed Nov 1927 10 year review of the Gov of India Act 1919 - early as the Conservatives wanted to carry it out No Indians on the commission (angry)

Question 27

Recommendations of the Simon Commission

Answer 27

1. Federal system of government 2. More power to the provinces 3. Internal security and foreign affairs should still be controlled by the Viceroy

Question 28

Salt March

Answer 28

12 March - 6 April 1930 | Part of wider civil disobedience movement

Question 29

Gathering of people before the Salt March

Answer 29

75,000 people

Question 30

Prayer meeting on the day before the Salt March

Answer 30

11 March 1930 10,000 people Meeting led by Gandhi

Question 31

What did they do while they were marching?

Answer 31

Walked 20km per day | Prayed, spun cloth, adhered to ahimsa

Question 32

Events sparked by the Salt March across India (4)

Answer 32

Officials resigned as the march moved through different areas March in South India organised Protests in Bombay and NWFP Protests at the Dharasana salt production plant

Question 33

Protests at the Dharasana salt production plant

Answer 33

Attacked by the police with steel tipped canes | 2 killed and 320 injured

Question 34

Gandhi was arrested following the salt march

Answer 34

4 May 1930

Question 35

Number of others arrested following the salt march

Answer 35

20,000

Question 36

Round Table Conferences

Answer 36

1930-32

Question 37

Nehru became President of the INC

Answer 37

1928

Question 38

INC committed itself to complete independence

Answer 38

1929 | ‘purna swaraj’

Question 39

Riots in Calcutta

Answer 39

40 riots in 1926

Question 40

Which Round Table Conference did Gandhi miss?

Answer 40

The first one - 1930 - because he was in prison

Question 41

Nationalist leaders at the Round Table Conferences

Answer 41

Jinnah Nehru Dr Ambedkar (representing the Untouchables)

Question 42

Government of India Act 1935

Answer 42

1. Created a federation of India 2. Provinces became completely self-governing with wholly elected legislatures 3. Viceroy maintained power over defence and foreign relations

Question 43

Expansion of the franchise following the Government of India Act 1935

Answer 43

From 7 to 35 million (but actually still very limited given an Indian population of around 300 million)

Question 44

Extra clause in Gov of India Act 1935 regarding the Viceroy’s power

Answer 44

Viceroy’s power would only be limited to defence and foreign relations if 50% of the princely states agreed This did not happen before WWII - so throughout the war the central government maintained the same powers as it had done under the Gov of India Act 1919

Question 45

Provincial elections 1937 - results for Congress

Answer 45

Congress formed a government in 8 of the 11 provinces Absolute majority in 6 and a coalition in a further 2

Question 46

Provincial elections 1937 - results for Muslim League

Answer 46

Failed to form a government in any provinces | Jinnah abandoned hope of cooperating with INC

Question 47

British position regarding the Muslim League

Answer 47

Supported them - suggested that there could be a Muslim homeland within a federal India - mainly to break the power of the INC

Question 48

Gandhi’s Quit India movement

Answer 48

1942 - mass campaign demanding British withdrawal from India

Question 49

‘Do or Die!’

Answer 49

Failed to assert non-violence during the Quit India campaign Led to violent outbreaks

Question 50

British response to Quit India

Answer 50

Arrested/imprisoned almost the entire INC leadership until 1945 Over 1000 Indians were killed and nearly 100,000 arrested

Question 51

Indian National Army

Answer 51

Led by Bose from 1943 | 30,000 Indian troops (who had been captured by the Japanese) chose to fight against the British

Question 52

Gandhi called off civil disobedience campaigns in favour of talks with Irwin

Answer 52

1931 Irwin = Viceroy Agree to try to end civil disobedience (influence of businessmen friends)

Question 53

Gandhi unsuccessfully tried to revive his civil disobedience movement

Answer 53

1932-34

Question 54

Viceroy Lord Irwin on India’s future status

Answer 54

1929 | Dominion status was the ‘natural issue of India’s constitutional progress’

Question 55

INC response to Linlithgow declaring war

Answer 55

Initially refused to support the war effort until they were given independence Called on provincial governments to resign