India, Egpyt and Sudan up to 1914 Flashcards
(10 cards)
What was the impact of the Indian rebellion (1857)
Shifted control from East India Company to the Crown
Evidence: Government of India Act (1858)—India became a British colony with a Viceroy.
What sparked Britain’s occupation of Egypt in 1882?
Collapse of Egyptian finances and rise of Urabi Revolt
Evidence: Britain secured Cairo and Alexandria, placing Egypt under informal control “Veiled Protectorate”.
How did Britain control Sudan by 1898?
Via military campaigns to crush the Mahdist state.
Evidence: Battle of Omdurman (1898): 11,000 Sudanese killed vs. 48 British.
How did India’s administration function under the Raj?
Through the Indian Civil Service and a Viceroy in Delhi.
Evidence: Fewer than 1,000 British officials governed 300 million Indians.
What sparked nationalist sentiment in India?
Economic exploitation, Western education and racial disrimmination
Evidence: Indian National Congress founded in 1885, growing in influence by 1914.
What was the “Drain of Wealth” theory?
A critique that India’s wealth was systematically extracted.
Evidence: Dadabhai Naoroji estimated £200–300 million/year drained to Britain.
How did Britain modernise infrastructure in India?
Railways, postal systems, irrigations
Evidence: By 1910, India had 25,000 miles of railway, aiding imperial control.
What was Britain’s religious policy in India?
Official religious neutrality but implicit Christian bias.
Evidence: Christian missionaries operated freely, stoking Hindu/Muslim suspicion.
What were Penal Laws in Ireland and their equivalent in India?
Legal disrimmination and control.
Evidence: Ilbert Bill controversy (1883)—sparked racial unrest by proposing Indian judges for British cases.
What was the Anglo-Egyptian Conominium (1899)
Joint rule over Sudan with British dominance
Evidence: In practice, Britain made all major decisions through a Governor-General.
