Indian Movements Flashcards
(5 cards)
Peasant Movements (Agrarian Struggles)
Indigo Revolt (1859–1860)
Where? Bengal
Cause: British forced peasants to grow indigo instead of food crops.
Leaders: Digambar Biswas, Bishnu Biswas.
Impact: British appointed Indigo Commission (1860) to address issues.
🔹 Tebhaga Movement (1946–47)
Where? Bengal
Cause: Sharecroppers demanded two-thirds of the produce from landlords.
Leader: Kisan Sabha (Communist Party of India).
Impact: Post-independence land reforms.
🔹 Telangana Rebellion (1946–51)
Where? Hyderabad
Cause: Oppression by landlords (Zamindars).
Leader: Communist Party of India (CPI).
Impact: Paved way for land reforms.
🔹 Naxalite Movement (1967–Present)
Where? West Bengal (Naxalbari Village).
Cause: Radical Maoist ideology; armed struggle against feudal landlords.
Leaders: Charu Mazumdar, Kanu Sanyal.
Impact: Led to widespread Maoist insurgency in central In
Dalit & Anti-Caste Movements
Satyashodhak Samaj (1873)
Where? Maharashtra
Leader: Jyotirao Phule
Objective: End Brahmin domination, promote education for Dalits.
🔹 Self-Respect Movement (1925)
Where? Tamil Nadu
Leader: Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
Objective: Opposed casteism, Brahmin dominance, and promoted rationalism.
🔹 Dalit Panthers (1972)
Where? Maharashtra
Leaders: Namdeo Dhasal, Raja Dhale
Objective: Assertive Dalit activism against caste violence.
🔹 Buddhist Conversion Movement (1956)
Leader: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Objective: Mass Dalit conversion to Buddhism to escape caste oppression.
Tribal (Adivasi) Movements
Santhal Rebellion (1855–56)
Where? Jharkhand, Bengal
Leaders: Sidhu & Kanhu Murmu
Objective: Against British taxation and landlords.
🔹 Munda Rebellion (1899–1900)
Where? Jharkhand
Leader: Birsa Munda
Objective: Against British land policies, sought Munda Raj (self-rule).
🔹 Tana Bhagat Movement (1914–15)
Where? Jharkhand
Leader: Jatra Bhagat
Objective: Non-violent protest against British and landlords.
🔹 Narmada Bachao Andolan (1985–Present)
Where? Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh
Leader: Medha Patkar
Objective: Opposed large dams (Sardar Sarovar Dam) due to displacement of Adivasis.
Women’s Movements
Widow Remarriage Movement (1850s)
Leader: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Impact: Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856).
🔹 All India Women’s Conference (1927)
Founder: Margaret Cousins
Objective: Women’s education & rights.
🔹 Chipko Movement (1973)
Where? Uttarakhand
Leader: Gaura Devi, Sundarlal Bahuguna
Objective: Tree-hugging protests to save forests.
🔹 Gulabi Gang (2006)
Where? Uttar Pradesh
Leader: Sampat Pal Devi
Objective: Fought domestic violence & corruption.
Environmental & Anti-Displacement Movements
Silent Valley Movement (1973–1983)
Where? Kerala
Objective: Stopped a dam project to save biodiversity.
🔹 Narmada Bachao Andolan (1985–Present)
Where? Gujarat, MP
Leader: Medha Patkar
Objective: Protested against displacement due to dam projects.
🔹 POSCO Movement (2005–2017)
Where? Odisha
Objective: Protested land acquisition for a Korean steel plant.
