Indications and line in therapy Flashcards by Kayla Gibson

Which are the FOUR medication classes most commonly prescribed in heart failure?

-ACEI OR ARB
-BETA BLOCKER
-ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST
-SGLT2 INHIBITOR

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What is first line therapy to reduce the frequency of angina?

Beta blockers…

Then calcium channel blockers, mainly diltiazem and verapamil can be used as alternatives. Long acting nitrates are third line.

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What medication classes are used to treat acute angina?

Short acting nitrates

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Which of the beta blockers are used in heart failure?

Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol
Carvedilol

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Which of the beta blockers are used in migraine prevention?

Propranolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol

(these are more lipophilic and are able to cross the BBB)

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What is the beta blocker of choice in pregnancy?

Labetalol

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What are the preferred beta blockers in BF?

Metoprolol, labetalol and propranolol

(this is because they are more extensively protein bound)

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What are the TWO indications for prazosin?

Hypertension
Symptom relief in BPH

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What are the indications of clonidine?

Hypertension
Menopausal flushing

Accepted also in:
ADHD

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What are the indications of minoxidil

Hypertension
Alopecia

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What is ANASTRAZOLE indicated for?

-Breast cancer

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What is the indication of a fibrate?

Hypertriglyceridaemia

To prevent pancreatitis

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Which classes are prescribed to decrease triglycerides?

Fibrates
Fish oil
Nicotinic acid

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What are the two medications and indications for phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors?

SILDENAFIL & TADALAFIL

Indicated for both erectile dysfunction AND pulmonary arterial hypertension.

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what is the brand name and class of enoxaparin?

Clexane
Low weight molecular heparin

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What is the brand name and class of dabigatran?

Pradaxa
direct thrombin inhibitor

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What is the class of rivaroxaban and apixiban?

Factor Xa inhibitors

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which oral anticoagulant has the slowest onset of action

Warfarin

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Which emergency contraception has the highest efficacy?

Copper IUD

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What is the ‘yuzpe regimen’

Emergency contraception method levonorgestrel or urlipristal isn’t available;

2 doses (12 hours apart) of 4 tablets of 30mcg ethinylesteradiol and 150mcg of levonorgestrel

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What is first line for pregnant women with VTE?

LMWH
Low molecular weight heparin (clexane, pradaxa)

All oral anticoagulants are contraindicated.

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Which opioids are the preferred choice in renal impairment?

Oxycodone and fentanyl

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What are the TWO indications for oxycodone + naloxone combination?

Severe CHRONIC pain with constipation refractory to laxatives
Severe idiopathic restless leg syndrome.

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What is first line treatment for c.diff infections?

Metronidazole

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What is first line for Chlamydial infections?

Doxycycline or azithromycin

What is first line for traveller's diarrhoea?

Norfloxacin

Is croup viral or bacterial and what are the treatment options?

Generally caused by parainfluenza virus 1. dexamethasone or prednisolone 2. inhaled budesonide

What is first and second line antibiotic treatment for pertussis (Whooping cough)?

1.azithromycin or clarithromycin 2.trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole

What is first and second line to treat pneumonia?

1. Amoxicillin 2. Doxycycline Treat for 5 to 7 days

What antibiotic spectrum is flucloxacillin?

Narrow spectrum penicillin active mainly against gram positive bacteria.

What spectrum is amoxicillin?

Moderate spectrum penicillin They are inactivated by beta-lactamases

What spectrum is amoxicillin with clavulonic acid?

Broad spectrum against gram positive and gram negative, including beta-lactamases

Which antibiotic is interchangeable with flucloxacillin?

Dicloxacillin

Which antibiotic is first line for most Staphylococcus infections?

Flucloxacillin second line is almost always cefalexin or clindamycin.

What is first and second line treatment for impetigo?

1. Topical mupirocin for 5 days 2. Flucloxacillin for 7 days

What is the indication of MOCLOBEMIDE

Major depression

What is the indication for silver sulfadiazine (flamazine)?

Silver is bactericidal and is used in: Prevention and treatment of infection in severe burns. Treatment of infection in leg ulcers and pressure sores.

What is the indication of sodium fusidate (Fucidin)

Staph infections on specialist advice when other options are unsuitable.

What are the three indications for imiquimod (aldara)?

External genital warts Carcinoma Actinic keratosis

What is the indication of betahistine?

Meniere's disease

What is the indication of mercaptopurine?

Leukaemia and IBD

Which glucocorticoid has the most efficacy and less systemic side effects in IBD treatment?

Budesonide

What are the two indications of imipramine (tofranil)?

Major depression Nocturnal enuresis under specialist supervision

What are the indications of axetazolamide (diamox)?

Glaucoma Adjunctive therapy in epilepsy.

What are the indications of topiramate?

Epilepsy Migraines

Which medication is first line for focal seizures?

carbamazepine

Which medication is first line for generalised tonic-clonic seizures?

Valproate

Which medication is preferred in absence seizures?

Ethosuximide

Which medication is first line in infantile spasms?

Prednisolone

What are the two indications of lamotrigine?

Epilepsy and bipolar

What is the indication of phenytoin?

Epilepsy

What are the indications of anticholinergic drugs?

Parkinson's disease Nausea and vomiting Urinary incontinence COPD

What is the class and indication of benzotropine (benztrop)?

It is an anticholinergic used in Parkinson's disease.

What is the class and indication of trihexyphenidyl (artane)?

It is an anticholinergic used in Parkinson's disease.

What are the two indications of amantadine (symmetrel) ?

Parkinson's disease and prevention of influenza A upon specialist advice (rarely)

What is the brand name, indication and side effect profile of pizotifen?

Sandomigran Prevention of migraine Sedation, increased appetite and weight gain

What is the drug class and indication of donepezil?

Anticholinesterase used in Alzheimers disease

What is the drug class and indication of rivastigmine?

Anticholinesterase used in Alzheimers disease

What is the drug class and indication of galantamine?

Anticholinesterase used in Alzheimers disease

What is the indication of memantine and its brand name?

Ebixa used in Alzheimers disease

What is the indication and mechanism of action of baclofen?

It is a muscle relaxant, and works by being a structural analogue of GABA which inhibits transmission at the spinal level and depresses the CNS. It's indicated in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

What is the drug class, brand name and indication of pyridostigmine?

Anticholinesterase Mestinon Myasthenia gravis

When is estrogen only HRT recommended?

Post hysterectomy.

Why is progesterone recommended with estrogen for menopausal women?

Women with a uterus are at risk of endometrial hyperplasia with unopposed estrogen.

What are the indications of hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil)?

RA Lupus Malaria treatment Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

which oral bendodiazepine has the longest period of action?

nitrazepam

which triptan has the slowest onset of action?

naratriptan

Which drug class is imipramine and what are it's indications?

TCA Major depression Nocturnal enuresis (upon specialist advice) Panic disorder

What is the brand name, MOA and therefore indications of desmopressin ?

Minirin Increases tubular reabsorption of water; increases factor VIII and von Willebrand’s factor coagulation activity. - nocturnal enuresis (on specialist advice) - Central (cranial) diabetes insipidus - Control of bleeding (also specialist advice)

What is the brand name and indication of mirabegron?

Betmiga for urinary urge incontinence

What is the drug class and brand name of clomipramine?

TCA Anafranil

What is the drug class and brand name of dosulepin?

TCA Dothep

What is the drug class and brand name of imipramine?

TCA Tofranil

What is the drug class and brand name of doxepin?

TCA Deptran

What are the two active ingredients of contrave and what is it's indication?

Naltrexone & bupropion Weight loss

What is the indication of amisulpride?

Schizophrenia

What is the more unusual indication of olanzapine?

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

What is the drug class and indication of suvorexant?

Oroxine receptor antagonist Chronic insomnia

What is the indication and brand name of atomoxetine?

ADHD Strattera

What is the brand name and indication of guanfacine?

Intuniv ADHD

What is the brand name and class of imipramine?

Tofranil TCA

What is the indication of mannitol (Bronchitol)?

Cystic fibrosis

Indications and line in therapy Flashcards

(83 cards)