Indications of FE

Question 1

What most common defects for cardiac teratogens?

Answer 1

VSD

Question 2

Risk percentage for fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 2

25-30%

Question 3

Defects associated with alcohol?

Answer 3

ASD
AVSD
Coarctation of aorta
Dextrocardia
DORV
Interrupted AA
Pulmonic stenosis
TOF
VSD

Question 4

Lithium is used for?

Answer 4

Bipolar (manic depression)

Question 5

Risk percentage for Lithium? Most common associated defect?

Answer 5

10%
Ebstein’s

Question 6

Defects for Lithium?

Answer 6

ASD
Dextrocardia
Mitral atresia
Tricuspid atresia

Question 7

Valproic acid used for?

Answer 7

Anti-seizure medication used for epilepsy

Question 8

Valproic acid cardiac defects?

Answer 8

Aortic stenosis
ASD
Coarctation of aorta
Interrupted AA
Left ventricular hypoplasia
Pulmonary atresia
TOF
VSD

Question 9

Retinoic acid used for?

Answer 9

treatment of acne

Question 10

What is the risk percentage of retinoic acid (Accutane)?

Answer 10

3.6%

Question 11

Associated defects for retinoic acid?

Answer 11

Coarctation of aorta
DORV (conotruncal defects)
Interrupted AA
Pulmonary atresia
TOF
Tricuspid atresia
VSD

Question 12

Hydantoin (Dilantin) used for?

Answer 12

Anti-convulsant medication used to treat seizure disorder

Question 13

Risk percentage for Hydantoin?

Answer 13

2-3%

Question 14

Cardiac defects for Hydantoin?

Answer 14

Aortic stenosis
ASD
Coarctation of aorta
Interrupted AA
Pulmonic stenosis
VSD

Question 15

Trimethadione used for?

Answer 15

Treat seizure disorder

Question 16

Risk percentage Trimethadione?

Answer 16

15-30%

Question 17

Cardiac defects for Trimethadione?

Answer 17

aortic stenosis
ASD
DORV
HLHS
pulmonic stenosis
TOF
TGA
VSD

Question 18

What medication was discontinued in the 1960?

Answer 18

Thalidomide

Question 19

Risk percentage of Thalidomide?

Answer 19

5-10%

Question 20

Cardiac defects associated with Thalidomine?

Answer 20

ASD
DORV
Pulmonary atresia
TGA
TOF
Tricuspid atresia
VSD

Question 21

What is chemically related to retinoic acid?

Answer 21

Vitamin A

Question 22

What is Phenylketonuria?

Answer 22

genetic disorder
inability of the body to utilize phenylalanine (essential amino acid)

Question 23

Risk percentage of PKU?

Answer 23

12-16%

Question 24

What is the most common defect associated with PKU?

Answer 24

TOF
25-50% of cases

Question 25

What defects are also associated with PKU?

Answer 25

ASD VSD

Question 26

Risk percentage of heart defects with a diabetic mother?

Answer 26

5%

Question 27

What are the most common cardiac defects of mother with diabetes?

Answer 27

VSD TGA Aortic stenosis Also: truncus arteriosus DORV

Question 28

Most common heart condition of diabetic mothers?

Answer 28

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 29

Percentage of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Percentage of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will result in congestive heart failure?

Answer 29

Up to 30% 12%

Question 30

When does rubella syndrome occur?

Answer 30

In babies whose mother have Rubella (German measles) during pregnancy. The risk does decrease with GA. Highest in the first trimester.

Question 31

Risk percentage of rubella syndrome?

Answer 31

35%

Question 31

What is the most common cardiac abnormality of Rubella?

Answer 31

Patent ductus arteriosus (the fetal ductus arteriosus does not close spontaneously after birth)

Question 31

What other defects are associated with Rubella?

Answer 31

ASD Peripheral pulmonary stenosis (branch stenosis) Pulmonary valvular stenosis VSD

Question 32

Babies with rubella also have?

Answer 32

cataracts nerve deafness microcephaly mental deficiency

Question 33

Why can't pregnant patient take Ibprofen?

Answer 33

Potential to cause premature constriction of the ductus arteriosus

Question 34

CHD in live births?

Answer 34

2-6.5 out 1000 live births

Question 35

If bicuspid aorta included?

Answer 35

Increase to 10 out 1000 live births

Question 36

If PDA not included?

Answer 36

Decreases to 3.7 out 1000 live births

Question 37

When is NT measured?

Answer 37

11-14 weeks

Question 38

Increased thickness means what?

Answer 38

Fetus is at risk for chromosomal disorders and congenital defects

Question 39

What are the chromosomal anomalies for increased NT?

Answer 39

Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13 Turners syndrome (45XO)

Question 40

Normal karyotype but increased thickness, what other abnormalities?

Answer 40

heart defects CHD abdominal wall defects

Question 41

Percentage of fetus with congenital heart disease will have extracardiac abnormalities?

Answer 41

25-45%

Question 42

If there is a major fetal extracardiac abnormality and a chromosomal abnormality, percentage increases to?

Answer 42

50-70%