Individual and Society FINAL

Question 1

More willing to intervene if…

Answer 1

Residential stability, homeownership, Limited ability to move

Question 2

4 Primary short-term activity response to crime options

Answer 2

1. Residents can decide to Intervene Directly
2. Residents can choose to Contact authorities
3. Residents may simply choose to do Nothing
4. Residents may be the eyes on the street (passive guardianship).

Question 3

Response to crime may differ depending on crime type..

Answer 3

If it violent or not, if its in public or private, how residents perceive it, and how frequent it happens

Question 4

Violent crimes

Answer 4

Aggravated assault, homicides, sexual assault, and robberies

Question 5

(T or F) Reducing violent crimes requires a collective rather than an individual response?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Why doesn’t everyone choose “voice”?

Answer 6

Cost of time commitment, providing informal social control or guardianship is not cost-free.

Question 7

Social Networks

Answer 7

One important feature of enabling informal social control activity

Question 8

Sampson and Groves: 2 Key mechanisms explaining the relationship between neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics and crime levels

Answer 8

Friendship Networks and participation in Voluntary organizations.

Question 9

Collective Efficacy

Answer 9

Capacity for achieving an intended effect by the residents of a specific neighborhood

Question 10

Process of efficacy:

Answer 10

Updating (Extenuating circumstances).

Question 11

What networks accomplish:

Answer 11

Communicate information, help develop awareness of a collective good and formulate responses to a problem, enhance cohesion/trust/familiarity/and emotional support.

Question 12

Organizations suggest 3 strategies to address collective action problems:

Answer 12

1. Direct interaction
2. Procedures
3. Institutions

Question 13

The amount of distance between residents can affect the amount of neighboring behavior. What are the 2 subdimensions?

Answer 13

Physical distance and Social distance

Question 14

Individuals follow a principle of least effort. Residents tend to interact with those who are closest in physical space (propinquity).

Answer 14

Physical Distance: George Zipf

Question 15

A Strong distance decay function characterizes the social network ties of residents (T or F)

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

The Law of Distance-Interaction: Mayhew and Levinger

Answer 16

Residents are more likely to form a social ties with someone who lives closer to them

Question 17

Social Distance

Answer 17

Less intuitive, Social status (position) will affect the amount that persons socially interact

Question 18

What characteristics is social distance created by?

Answer 18

Cultural values, social background, stage of life course. (Important characteristics: gender, life course stage, social background, race/ethnicity, and economic resources). (Political affiliation is important).

Question 19

Social Interaction might be reduced for 3 possible reasons:

Answer 19

1. Social distance based on social statuses creates role difference
2. Social distance can decrease the chances of creating a shared group identity
3. Social distance can decrease similarity in attitudes between 2 individuals.

Question 20

Propinquity (Physical Distance) based on Residential Stability

Answer 20

Measure the physical distance between 2 people, Consider the length of time 2 people have been (residential stability), shared time in neighborhood increases propinquity.

Question 21

Social Ties can increase the sense of cohesion and attachment among residents in a neighborhood

Answer 21

• Increase familiarity, Lead to trust, provide emotional and social support to others in time of need.

Question 22

“Routine Part of Activity:

Answer 22

Rhythm, Tempo, and Timing

Question 23

5 main fallacies of crime

Answer 23

Dramatic, cops-and-courts, not-me, ingenuity, agenda

Question 24

Creative class: Richard Florida

Answer 24

Young, highly educated workers in high technology industries.

Question 25

Features of a region that can make it desirable to migrants

Answer 25

Attracted to regions with vibrant downtowns and highly walkable neighborhoods, businesses in need of skilled workers, highly educated workers may be important for deciding the economic fate of some regions.

Question 26

Mobility-Based studies

Answer 26

Focuses on aggregates of offenders (NOT INDIVIDUALS)

Question 27

Target-Based studies

Answer 27

Focus on characteristics of victim (IGNORE OFFENDER)

Question 28

Offender-based studies

Answer 28

Distance to crime research (FOCUSED ON OFFENDER).

Question 29

Individuals have a range of routine daily activities (T OR F)

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Offenders have consistent movement patterns (T or F)

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Crime occurs when activity spaces intersect? (T or F)

Answer 31

True