Individual Differences (prejudice-factors Affecting/personality) Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is adorns authoritarian personality?
What did he think about those with an authoritarian outlook?
What did participants complete?
Personality caused by upbringing that leads to obedience and behaviours, includes a strict father figure.
He thought that those with an authoritarian outlook were those likely to be prejudiced and to show discrimination.
Participants completed a questionnaire and were also interviewed to dig deeper about what contributed to prejudice
how does the childhood of those with an authoritarian personality correlate with prejudice?
individuals with a strict upbringing were unable to express hostility towards their parents for fear of punishment and so it was differed to minority groups (a safer target)
What’s are the 5 personality dimensions and prejudice
Agreeables
Conscientiousness
Openness
Neuroticism
Extraversion
What may people with higher levels of prejudice have more of? (ACONE)
Higher levels of conscientiousness and neuroticism
What does openness to experience and agreeables show?
What are people less likely to be if they are open to experience?
A negative relationship to prejudice
The more someone is open to experience, the less likely they are to be prejudiced against others.
What is conscientiousness and what does it link to?
Highly aware of small detail.
Links to right-wing authoritarian and prejudice.
What do recent studies such as cohrs show about personality dimensions?
What does cohrs study show?
That’s is is not so much that personality dimensional links directly with prejudice, but they underpin ideological attitudes and prejudice.
This study shows that personality dimensions can link directly with prejudice.
Situation affecting prejudice- what did guimond et al discuss about this?
What was suggested?
How is personality seen to make sudden changes of prejudice be affected by the situation?
Whether the power of situation can over ride personality when it comes to prejudice.
They suggested that the way participants can rise and fall over time, like the high levels of prejudice in Germany ww2, suggests that prejudice cannot be drawn to personality alone as that would not explain such variations.
Personality is seen as stable and enduring so sudden changes in prejudice must be affected by the situation.
What is the contact hypothesis? (Allport)
What does contact hypothesis work with?
Links to intergroup theory- he discussed this.
If the situation is set up so that people in different groups have contact with one another, this can help to reduce prejudice and discrimination.
Works with minority groups so that majority groupsd can meet members of minority groups and find out more about them and their views, helping reduce prejudice in certain circumstances.
Cultural norms and prejudice- how does it affect prejudice?
What did guimond thinks about cultures where there was multiculturalism?
Multiculturalism would be more… than assimilation
Assimilation would be…
Different cultures have different cultural norms and these can affect levels of prejudice.
That they would show less prejudice than those featuring assimilation (minority intergrates socially, culturally, politically into a larger dominant culture and society).
Multiculturalism would be more pro-diversity than assimilation
levels of prejudice
What were these levels like in UK and US.
What did guimond suggest about the Canada, US and to an extend uKs cultural norms?
Somewhere In between.
That they have stranger norms relating to multiculturalism and focus more on cultural diversity than Germany.
evidence for authoritarian personality
P: Adorno supports this.
E: he found that those who scored highly on the f-scale shared traits of hostility towards minorities.
E: and so supports the idea of an authoritarian personality leading to prejudice.
applications
states that prejudice occurs due to having traits of hostility towards minorities due to childhood.
therefore is useful at identifying an explanation for prejudice and can help to find a solution targeting changing personality or authoritarian peoples attitudes towards minorities.
criticisms- validity
low validity due to researcher bias.
Adorno was looking for certain traits in those who had a high F-score in follow-up interviews.
E: so this would cause researcher bias due to subjectivity of interpreting something that isn’t standardised.
