individualistic theories

Question 1

what are the individualistic theories?

Answer 1

Frued, Bowlby, eysencks, differential association, operant conditioning, social learning,

Question 2

What is Freud theory?

Answer 2

Faulty early socialisation preventing the individual resolving unconscious conflicts between the id and superego

Question 3

2 strengths to Freud

Answer 3

shows importance of early socialisation

has had some influence on policy making

Question 4

2 limitations of Freud

Answer 4

critics doubt the existence of an unconscious mind

explanations are unscientific and subjective

Question 5

what is Bowlby’s theory?

Answer 5

bowlby stresses the importance of the parent child bond because he sees maternal deprivation as a cause of criminality

Question 6

2 strengths to Bowlby’s theory

Answer 6

39% of delinquents have suffered maternal deprivation compared to 5% of non-delinquents

shows the importance of parent-child relationships

Question 7

2 limitations of bowlby’s theory

Answer 7

bowlby’s theory only accounts for 39% delinquency so it doesn’t explain the other 61%

bowlby overestimates how much early childhood experiences effect later behavior

Question 8

what is Eysencks personality theory?

Answer 8

eysenck sees criminality as a result of an extroverted neurotic personality

Question 9

2 strengths to eysencks theory

Answer 9

shows how measurable tendencies could increase a persons risk of offending

high extravert, neurotic and psychotic leads to criminality

Question 10

2 limitations of eysencks theory

Answer 10

eysenck only studied already convicted criminals

eysenck used self-report questionnaires meaning people could’ve lied

Question 11

what is differential association

Answer 11

Sutherland argues that we learn criminal behaviour through socialisation in social groups that share the same beliefs