individualistic theories and policy development Flashcards
what are the 2 individualistic theories of formal policy development
Behavioural therapy
behaviour modification
what is the individualistic formal punishment
Psychoanalysis
what is the formal punishment of psychoanalysis
A system of psychological theory and therapy which aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association
what is the psychoanalysis dream interpretation
Freud believed there is no clear way to interpret dreams. However, psychologists
now disagree. The common dreams mean:
falling- possible loss of control over a situation
losing teeth- loss or important life changes
cheating- hidden insecurities
being chased- you’re avoiding acknowledging anxiety in your life
what is free association
a technique where a patient talks of whatever comes into their mind. This technique involves a therapist reading a list of words (e.g. mother, childhood, etc.) and the patient responds with the first word that comes to mind
arguments for psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is used extensively across Prisons in the UK.
Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory would support this policy.
arguments ageists psychoanalysis
It is voluntary, which means that we cannot use it across all prisoners in the uk
It is useful as a prevention measure for first time offenders.
does psychoanalysis work
The nature of psychoanalysis creates a power imbalance between the therapist and the offender.
A patient could discover painful memories and make issues worse.
what is the formal policy of behaviour modification- token economy
Token economy programmes started in the 1960s and are used to obtain desirable behaviour in closed institutions such as prisons. They are a form of behaviour modification
arguments for behaviour modification
It rewards desirable behaviour immediately which according to the leaming theorists is the most effective way to ensure that the desired behaviour is repeated
arguments against this policy
Tokens can be abused by prison staff who may use their authority to manipulate a prisoner’s behaviour (social control).
does behaviour modification work
There is supporting evidence that demonstrates that it is effective as a means of managing offender’s behaviour.
what is the formal policy of behavioural therapy
Behavioural therapy is an umbrella term for types of therapy that treats mental health disorders, for example, Aversion Therapy.
This form of therapy seeks to identify and help change potentially self-destructive or unhealthy behaviours. It functions on the idea that all behaviours are learned and that unhealthy behaviours can be changed
arguments for behavioural therapy
It rewards desirable behaviour immediately which according to the leaming theorists is the most effective way to ensure that the desired behaviour is repeated.
does behavioural therapy work
It is very difficult to modify personality, but it is possible to get individuals to think about their behaviours before they act.
It can be used to find the underlying cause of some violent crime, such as domestic abuse, but is not conclusive in anyway.
