Individuals And Groups Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
F.L Ganshof on feudalism
A
- Personal dependence on society
- Subdivision of rights of real property
- Graded system of rights over land, correspondence to grades of personal dependence
- Dispersal of political authority among hierarchy of individual who exercised in own interest
2
Q
Mary Bloch on feudalism
A
- feudal society as a feudal age
- political military structure made age feudal
3
Q
Lynn White on horseback Calvary
A
- introduction of stirrup from Asia in 8th century
- without stirrup, cavalry was useless as one on one
- stronger horses also more important
4
Q
Louis the Pious
A
- Succeeded Charlemagne
- preceded Lothair I
- tried to convert Scandinavians to Christianity peacefully
- Dethroned in 833
- coronation by Pope Stephen V in Rhins
5
Q
Alfred the Great
A
- king of England
- 878-885
- defeated Vikings, took back territory
- strong believer in religion, and education
6
Q
Alcuin of York
A
- Churchman of England
- social, influential, not creative, assisted in gathering doctrines of past, “human dictionary”
- used bible rhetoric to argue
- ecclesiastical lord of 20 000 monks
- member of palace school
7
Q
Diocletian
A
- empower of Western Anatolia
- Tetrarchy
- 284-305
8
Q
Constantine
A
- capital of Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD
- eliminated other members of Tetrarchy
- freedom of worship for Christians and other minorities
- gave palace to roman bishop
9
Q
St.Ambrose
A
- 339-397
- ancient traditions important
- Bishop of Milan
10
Q
St.Anthony
A
- 251-356
- withdrew into Egyptian desert
- austere life
- attracted disciples
- biography very important
11
Q
St.Athanasias
A
- 296-373
- wrote Life of St.Anthony, the example of hagiography
12
Q
St.Pachomius
A
- 286-346
- concerned with poor
- Cenobitic lifestyle
- rule of Pachomius to govern cenobites
- no free will
- Abbott head of monastery
13
Q
St.Jerome
A
- 342-420
- translated bible to Latin from Greek
- pilgrimage to Bethlehem, nuns accompanied
14
Q
St.Basil
A
- 330-379
- of Caesarea
- promoter of cenobitic lifestyle
- ascetic guide
15
Q
St.Simeon the elder
A
- 389-459
- stylite
- lived at top of column for 30 years near Antioch
16
Q
John Cassian
A
- 360-435
- “Institutes and Conferences”
- described monks of desert, lived with them for 15 years
17
Q
St.Benedict
A
- 480-543
- Rule of St Benedict
18
Q
Pope Gregory the Great
A
- 590-604
- sent St.Augustine of Canterbury to England
- Gregorian chant
- biography written by St Benedict Biscop
19
Q
Justinian
A
- Corpus Iuris Civilis (The Digest)
- law code
- husband of Theodora
- took Carthage back
- built Hagia Sophia
- reigned 527-565
- nephew of predecessor Justin
- Renovatio Imperii
- Nika Riots
- repealed laws prohibiting marriage outside aristocracy
20
Q
Theodora
A
- wife of Justinian
- rumoured hooker
- convinced Justinian not to flee after Nika riots
21
Q
Flavius Belisarius
A
- 505-565
- general for Justinian
- won back Carthage, North Africa, Sicily, Rome, Naples
- Ostrogoths offered emperorship of Ravenna, he then took back the city
22
Q
Narses
A
- uniq
- mentored by Theodora
- general in charge of army
23
Q
Procopius
A
- wrote biographies of Theodora and Justinian
- good and bad versions of view
24
Q
Theodosius I
A
- settled Osteogoths in Carpathian Basin in 380
- built western wall of Constantinople in 4th century
25
Theodoric
- elected to command western provinces by Ostrogoths in 471
- 488 sent to Odoacer of Skirs as master of army by Emperor Zeno
- camped out for 17 years, then cut Odoacer in half
- first German ruler of Italy acknowledged by Constantinople
26
Emperor Zeno
- predecessor of Anastasius
| - eastern Emperor
27
Odoacer the Hun
- deposed last Roman emperor Romulus Augustus in Ravenna
- angered Byzantines
- killed by Theoderic
28
Alaric
- King of the Visigoths in 378
- chieftain of Arian race
- ravaged Greece and islands
- sacked Rome August 24, 410, but both churches
- took Emperor's daughter, Galla Placidia who was married to Ataulf
29
Athaulf
- successor of Alaric
| - married to Galla Placidia in 411
30
Wallia
- successor of Athualf
- returned Galla Placidia
- chased out Vandals, Sueves, and Alans out of France and Iberian Peninsula
- allowed to settle in southern France
31
Clovis
- leader of Franks
- defeated Visigoths
- converted from paganism to orthodox Christianity
- married Burgundian princess
- first of the Merovingians
- died 511, divided territory among sons
32
Chlotar I
- youngest son of Clovis
- left in sole possession of empire in 558
- died in 561
33
Guntram
- son of Chlotar
| - ruled with brothers, Chilperic and Sigibert
34
Chilperic I
- given sister in law, Brunhild's, sister, Galswintha
- abandons her and then she's found strangled
- blood feud with Sigibert
- married mistress, Fredegund
- murdered 587
35
Sigibert
- married to Brunhild, daughter of Visigoth
- blood feud with brother, Chilperic
- murdered by 2 slaves, sent by brothers mistress, Fredegund
36
Brunhild
- Visigoth, married to Sigibert
- sister of Galswintha
- regent of son, Childebert II
- diplomatic, political
- outlived sons, grandsons
- died 613
- captured and tortured
37
Fredegund
- mistress, then wife of Chilperic
| - ordered death of Sigibert
38
Chlotar II
- son of Chilperic and Fredegund
- succeeded Brunhild
- succeeded by son Dagoberr II
39
Dagobert I
- successor of Chlotar II
- king of Austrasia
- combined Frankish land
- 629-639
40
Charles Martel
- mayor of Austrasia in 717
- stopped Islamic invasion of France
- defeats Saxons in 738
- sent Boniface to convert Saxons
- redistributes land to church
- succeeded by Pepin the Short
- defeated last Merovingian magnate, Eudo of Aquitaine
41
Pepin II
-mayor of Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy in 687
42
Pepin the Short
- brother of Carloman who joined a monastery in 747
- son of Charles Martel
- deposed last Merovingian King, Childeric III
- Pope Zacharias authorized kingship
- war on Lombards
- died 768, empire left to Carloman and Charlemagne
43
Carloman
- brother of Pepin the short
- joined monastery
- called Boniface to convert East
44
Carloman II
- younger brother of Charlemagne
- less territory
- died 771, unknown circumstances
45
Charlemagne
- second ruler of Carolingian
- defeat Lombards in 774
- wants to convert border pagans
- massacred Saxons at Verden in 782
- defeats Avars 791-796
- protector of Christendom
- capital at Aachen
- Holy Roman Emperor 800, by Pope Leo III
- populous Romanus
-Kings peace
46
St.Boniface
- convert Saxons
- convert East
- authored grammar book and poetry manual
- England
- source of education north of Rome
47
Einhard
- Charlemagnes biographer
| - under Louis the Pious
48
Theodulf
- Bishop of Orleans
- 798-818
- theologian
49
Pope Hadrian
- text of ecclesiastical laws
-774
-
50
Dionysus Exiguus
- canon law and ecclesiastical chronology
- 6th century
- made law in 802
51
Count Odo of Paris
-defends Paris from Vikings in 887
52
Pope Stephen V
- threatened by Lombard King
| - gives Pepin Patrious Romanus
53
Rollo
- made deal with King of France to settle Vikings
| - Viking chief
54
Canute
- Danish King
- adopted Christianity
- 11th century
- legal system
55
Attila the Hun
- eastern warrior
| - died of nosebleed
56
Huns
- 4th century
- defeated by Chinese
- Eastern Asia
- moved west gaining tribes
- including Scandinavians
- nomads
- pushed people's on Roman borders, asked to cross border
- no writing
57
Ostrogoths
-pressured by Huns in 4th century
-move into Byzantine
-defeated by Byzantines at Adrianople in 358
- joined with Visigoths
-into Italian peninsula in 471
-
58
Visigoths
- sack Rome in 410
- reach Rhine in 200BC
- through France, into Spain, take over North Africa
- converted to Arian Christian
- defeated by Franks under Clovis in 496
59
Vandals
- Poland in 1st century
- two groups Asdings & Silings
- joined with Alans and converted into Roman army
- in Spain in 408
- Byzantium settles them in 410 in Iberian
- attacked by Visigoths, under Wallia, in 416
- 429 vandal King Gaiseric to straits of Gibraltar, take Carthage in 433
- 442 Vandals independent kingdom in North Africa
- naval attacks Rome in 455
60
Lombards
- into Carpathian Basin
- cross Rhine
- join with Hungarian Avars and Magyars
- destroy Gepids
- 568 join with Gepids
- into Italy
- Milan 569 capital of Lombards under Alboin
- defeated by Charlemagne
61
Hungarian Magyar
- settled in Europe in 955
- Roman Catholic in 1000
- Hungarian King Steven, then followers
- northwest and southwest
- destroyed Slavs
- extended until meet Muslims in Italy
62
Swedes
- east to Ukraine and west Russia
| - into Black Sea through Russia
63
Vikings
- south into Europe
- conquered from Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland
- art of war
- raid every year
- attack monasteries
- war leaders or kings attract great warriors
- no primo geniture
- Lindisfarne attacked in 793
- Jaro attacked in 794
- Iona attacked in 802/806
- invaded Ireland 800-850
- Irish monasticism ruined
- 835 Danes attacked North England
- Northumbria destroyed in 867
64
Muslims
- 711 Muslims take over Iberian Peninsula
- defeated by Charles Martel in France in 732
- 827 in Sicily
65
Tacitus on Germanic Retainers
Comitatas- young men of good family, pledge allegiance to good warriors. Germanic retainers companions, not servants, of aristocracy, fewer in number, treated with distinction, and had more influence
